Poisson double structures (Q2161915)

Poisson double groupoids were introduced by \textit{K. C. H. Mackenzie} [Int. J. Math. 10, No. 4, 435--456 (1999; Zbl 0961.58008)] as a simultaneous generalization of Poisson groupoids and symplectic double groupoids. This paper introduces Poisson double algebroids and the equivalent concept of double Lie bialgebroid as the infinitesimal counterpart of Poisson double groupoids. As in the general situation of double Lie groupoids and their double Lie algebroids -- where the differentiation happens in two steps via the construction of an intermediate LA-groupoid describing infinitesimally one side of the double Lie groupoid -- the differentiation of a Poisson double groupoid yields first a Poisson LA-groupoid, which then differentiates to a Poisson double Lie algebroid. The authors discuss basic properties of Poisson double Lie algebroids, in particular in term of the Weil algebras of the underlying double Lie algebroids [\textit{R. A. Mehta}, J. Symplectic Geom. 7, No. 3, 263--293 (2009; Zbl 1215.22002); \textit{E. Meinrenken} and \textit{J. Pike}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2021, No. 11, 8550--8622 (2021; Zbl 1486.53098); \textit{T. Th. Voronov}, Commun. Math. Phys. 315, No. 2, 279--310 (2012; Zbl 1261.53080)]. This paper then discusses the correspondence of Poisson double groupoids with Poisson double Lie algebroids via differentiation and integration, i.e. the Lie theory of Poisson double structures. The differentiation of a Poisson LA-groupoid is a Poisson double Lie algebroid, and a Poisson double Lie algebroid with integrable top Lie algebroid integrates to a Poisson LA-groupoid. Then the correspondence of Poisson LA-groupoids with Poisson double groupoids is described. Note that these results focus on the behavior of the Poisson structures when going from the infinitesimal to the global picture, by assuming that the underlying LA-algebroids are integrable -- the integration of LA-groupoids is not fully understood yet. Along the way, Lie's second theorem for double Lie algebroids vs LA-groupoids is proved, i.e. the authors prove that under the usual simply connectedness assumption on the source fibers of \(\Gamma_1\), a double Lie algebroid morphism \(\operatorname{Lie}(\Gamma_1)\to \operatorname{Lie}(\Gamma_2)\) integrates to an LA-groupoid morphism \(\Gamma_1\to\Gamma_2\). As an application of their general Lie theory for Poisson double structures, the authors relate then Poisson double structures over a point to Lie \(2\)-bialgebras [\textit{C. Bai} et al., Commun. Math. Phys. 320, No. 1, 149--172 (2013; Zbl 1308.17026); \textit{Z. Chen} et al., J. Geom. Phys. 68, 59--68 (2013; Zbl 1306.17006)].