Towards a classification of rigid product quotient varieties of Kodaira dimension 0 (Q2162456)

A compact complex manifold \(X\) is called rigid if it has no nontrivial deformations, and it is said to be infinitesimally rigid if \(H^1(X,\Theta_X) = 0\), where \(\Theta_X\) is the sheaf of holomorphic vector fields on \(X\). It is well known, that infinitesimal rigidity implies rigidity and the only rigid curve is \(\mathbb{P}^1\). In [\textit{I. Bauer} and \textit{F. Catanese}, Adv. Math. 333, 620--669 (2018; Zbl 1407.14003)] it is shown that rigid compact complex surfaces have Kodaira dimension \(-\infty\) or 2. In higher dimensions rigid manifolds are much more frequent and it is nowadays known, that for all \(n \geq 3\) and \(\kappa\in \{-\infty,0,\ldots,n\}\) there exists an infinitesimally rigid \(n\)-dimensional compact complex manifold of Kodaira dimension \(\kappa\). A way to construct the infinitesimally rigid examples is to consider finite quotients of smooth compact complex manifolds \(X\) with respect to a (infinitesimally) rigid holomorphic group action of \(G\), i.e. \(G\) is a finite group acting holomorphically on \(X\) and \(H^1(X,\Theta_X)^G = 0\). In the paper under review the authors consider \(X\) to be the product of elliptic curves and \(G\) a finite group acting \textit{diagonally} on the product. They firstly consider \textit{free} actions, and show that there are only four finite groups, that may carry a free rigid action on a product of elliptic curves. These four groups are called \textit{exceptional groups} and are exactly those groups admitting a rigid action on an elliptic curve such that the translation part is not uniquely determined (Proposition 4.4). It is then show that actually only for 2 groups and dimension \(\geq 4\) such an action can be free, more precisely, the first main result of the paper is {Theorem 1.4.} Let \(G\) be a finite group which admits an infinitesimally rigid free diagonal action on a product of elliptic curves \(E_1 \times \cdots \times E_n\). Then: \(n\geq 4\), \(E_1\cong \cdots \cong E_n\) is the Fermat elliptic curve, \(E_i\) is the Fermat elliptic curve for each \(1 \leq i \leq n\), and \(G\) is either \(\mathbb{Z}_2^3\) or the Heisenberg group \(He(3)\) of order 27. The authors then consider non-free actions and for the not exceptional finite groups a strong structure result is proven: {Theorem 1.5.} Assume that \(G\) is not exceptional and admits a rigid diagonal action on a product of elliptic curves \(E_1 \times \cdots \times E_n\). Then the elliptic curves are isomorphic \(E_1\cong \cdots \cong E_n=:E\), and the quotient is isomorphic to \(X_{n,d} := E^n/\mathbb{Z}_d\), where \(Z_d\) acts by multiplication with \(\exp\left(\frac{2\pi i }d\right) \cdot Id\). Here either \(d = 3, 6\) and \(E\) is the Fermat elliptic curve, or \(d = 4\) and \(E\) is the harmonic elliptic curve. Finally they give a complete classification of rigid diagonal actions of the two exceptional groups \(\mathbb{Z}_2^3\) and \(He(3)\) in dimensions 3 and the free ones in dimension 4: {Theorem 1.7.} \begin{itemize} \item[1)] There is exactly one isomorphism class of quotient manifolds \(E^4/\mathbb{Z}_3^2\) resp. \(E^4/He(3)\) obtained by a rigid free and diagonal action. They have non isomorphic fundamental groups. \item[2)] For each exceptional group \(\mathbb{Z}_2^3\) and \(He(3)\) there are exactly four isomorphism classes of (singular) quotients \(X_i := E^3/\mathbb{Z}_2^3\) and \(Y_i := E^3/ He(3)\) obtained by a rigid diagonal G-action: \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] \(X_4\) and \(Y_4\) are isomorphic to Beauville's Calabi-Yau threefold \(X_{3,3}\). \item[(ii)] \(X_3\) and \(Y_3\) are also Calabi-Yau, uniformized by \(X_{3,3}\) and admit crepant resolutions, which are rigid. \item[(iii)] \(X_2\) and \(X_3\), resp. \(Y_2\) and \(Y_3\), are diffeomorphic but not biholomorphic. \item[(iv)] The eight threefolds \(X_i\), \(Y_j\) form five distinct topological classes. \end{itemize} \end{itemize}