On special values of Dirichlet series with periodic coefficients (Q2162835)

Let \(f:\mathbb{Z}\to\mathbb{C}\) be periodic with period \(N\geq 2\). This paper deals with the vanishing of \(L(k,f)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{f(n)}{n^k}\) for integers \(k\geq 2\) (in the same vein as [\textit{S. Gun} et al., Can. J. Math. 63, No. 6, 1328--1344 (2011; Zbl 1273.11135); Acta Arith. 155, No. 3, 297--309 (2012; Zbl 1310.11077)]). The main result is the following, which is similar to the Baker-Birch-Wirsing theorem (valid for \(k=1\)) but relies on the Polylog conjecture, namely: if \(z_1\), \dots, \(z_n\) are algebraic numbers with \(|z_i| \leq 1 \) for each \(i\), such that \(\mathrm{Li}_k(z_1)\), \dots, \(\mathrm{Li}_k(z_n)\) are linearly independent over \(\mathbb{Q}\), then \(\mathrm{Li}_k(z_1)\), \dots, \(\mathrm{Li}_k(z_n)\) are linearly independent over \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}\). Main Theorem. Let \(\mathbb F\) be a number field such that \(f(n)\in\mathbb F\) for any \(n\in\mathbb Z\). Consider \(\mathbb K = \mathbb{F}\cap \mathbb{Q}(e^{2i\pi/N})\) and \(H = \mathrm{Gal}( \mathbb{Q}(e^{2i\pi/N})/\mathbb{K})\) seen as subgroup of \(\mathrm{Gal}( \mathbb{Q}(e^{2i\pi/N})/\mathbb{Q})\simeq (\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z})^\times\). Assume that for any \(n\) such that \(f(n)\neq 0\) we have \(\gcd(n,N)=1\), and the image of \(n\) in \( (\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z})^\times\) belongs to \(H\). Then \(L(k,f)\neq 0\) unless \(f\) is identically 0, assuming that the Polylog conjecture holds. Another important feature of this paper is a decomposition as a direct sum (valid under the Chowla-Milnor conjecture) of the space \(\mathcal O_k(N)\) of all maps \(f:\mathbb{Z}\to\mathbb{C}\), \(N\)-periodic, such that \(L(k,f)=0\). This decomposition is related to dilation and annihilation operators; it is similar to the one obtained by \textit{T. Okada} [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 33, 13--21 (1986; Zbl 0589.10034)] for \(k=1\).