Cantor sets of low density and Lipschitz functions on \(C^1\) curves (Q2166434)

Let \(\left\vert \cdot \right\vert \) denote the Lebesgue measure in \([0,1]\). The author studies what conditions a function \(f:(0,1]\rightarrow \lbrack 0,1]\) must satisfy to guarantee that there exists a measurable set \( C\subseteq \lbrack 0,1]\) with \(|C|>0\) for which the ratio \[ \frac{\left\vert C\cap I\right\vert }{\left\vert I\right\vert } \] is bounded above by \(f(|I|)\), for every nontrivial interval \(I\subseteq \lbrack 0,1]\). He gives an answer to this question by proving the following theorem: Theorem 1. Let \(f:(0,1]\rightarrow \lbrack 0,1]\) be a function. Then, the following statements are equivalent: 1) \(\underset{x\rightarrow 0^{+}}{\lim }f\left( x\right) =1\) and \(\underset{ x\in (0,1]}{\inf }f\left( x\right) >0,\) 2) there exists a measurable set \(C\subseteq \lbrack 0,1]\) of positive measure satisfying \[ \frac{\left\vert C\cap I\right\vert }{\left\vert I\right\vert }<f(|I|) \] for every nontrivial interval \(I\subseteq \lbrack 0,1]\). Let \((M,d)\) be a metric space. A function \(f:M\rightarrow R\) is Lipschitz if there is \(k>0\) such that \[ |f(p)-f(q)| \leq k d(p,q) \] holds for all \(p,q\in M\). Denote by \[ L\left( f\right) =\sup \left\{ \frac{\left\vert f\left( p\right) -f\left( q\right) \right\vert }{d\left( p,q\right) }\right\} \] the Lipschitz constant of \(f\). We say that a Lipschitz function \( f:M\rightarrow R\) attains its Lipschitz constant if the above supremum is attained at a pair \((p,q)\) of distinct points of \(M\). Further, the author proves the following theorem: Theorem 2. Let \(E\) be a normed space, \(\alpha :[0,1]\rightarrow E\) an injective \(C^{1}\) curve with \(\alpha ^{\prime }\) nonidentically zero, and \(\Gamma \subseteq E\) its range. Then, there exists a Lipschitz function \(H:\Gamma \rightarrow R\) that cannot be approximated by Lipschitz functions from \(\Gamma \) to \(R\) attaining their Lipschitz constant.