Existential decidability for addition and divisibility in holomorphy subrings of global fields (Q2167510)

The paper under review belongs to a growing area concerned with problems of decidability and definability in some first-order language over various mathematical structures. Usually the language is some variation of the language of rings and the structure is a ring. In this paper there are results pertaining to two different languages: the first-order language of addition and divisibility \(\mathcal{L}_{\operatorname{div}}=\{=,0,1+,|\}\) and the second language is \(\mathcal{L}_{\operatorname{div},\cdot t}\) obtained from \(\mathcal{L}_{\operatorname{div}}\) by adding multiplication by \(t\), where \(t\) is a non-constant element of some global function field. The rings in question are holomorphy rings of global function fields defined below. Let \(\mathbb{F}_p\) be a finite field of characteristic \(p\). Let \(t\) be transcendental over \(\mathbb{F}_p\) and let \(K\) be a finite extension of \(\mathbb{F}_p(t)\). Let \(\mathcal{S}\) be a set of primes (valuations) of \(K\). Then let \(O_{K,\mathcal{S}}=\{x \in K\mid \mathrm{ord}_{{\mathfrak p}}(x) \geq 0 \text{ for all } {\mathfrak p} \not \in \mathcal{S}\}\). The two main results of the paper concern the cases where \(\mathcal{S}\) is finite or co-finite in the set of all primes of \(K\). The authors show that if \(\mathcal{S}\) is co-finite, then the existential theory of \(O_{K,\mathcal{S}}\) is decidable in the language \(\mathcal{L}_{\operatorname{div}}\). At the same time if \(\mathcal{S}\) is finite and has at least two elements, then then the existential theory of \(O_{K,\mathcal{S}}\) is undecidable in the language \(\mathcal{L}_{\operatorname{div}, \cdot t}\).