Foliations on \(\mathbb{P}^2\) with only one singular point (Q2168037)

The paper is focused on foliations in \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) with a unique singular point. In the particular case when this unique singularity is a saddle-node, the study was made in [\textit{C. R. Alcántara} and \textit{R. Pantaleón-Mondragón}, Geom. Dedicata 207, 193--200 (2020; Zbl 1445.37034)]. On the other hand, \textit{C. R. Alcántara} [Rev. Mat. Complut. 31, No. 1, 187--199 (2018; Zbl 1381.37056)] proved, under certain conditions, that a foliation with a unique singular point on \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) has no invariant lines. In the present work, the authors generalize the above results and prove the following remarkable result: Let \(\mathcal{F}\) be a holomorphic foliation of degree \(d \geq 1\) on \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) with only one singularity. If this singularity has algebraic multiplicity one, then \(\mathcal{F}\) has no invariant algebraic curve. To prove this, the authors apply the Baum-Bott theorem to \(\mathcal{F}\) on \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\). This relates the Milnor number of \(\mathcal{F}\) at singularity \(p\) with the degree of the foliation, \(\sum_{p} \mu(\mathcal{F},p) = d^{2}+d+1\), and splits the proof into two cases: the first one when the singularity is a saddle-node and the second one when it is nilpotent. The paper is finished by presenting several explicit examples of foliations on \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) with a unique singularity.