Generalized Lucas congruences and linear \(p\)-schemes (Q2168565)

Let \(p\) be a prime, and \(A(n)\) be an integer sequence. If for any positive integer \(n=n_0+n_1p+\cdots+n_rp^r\) with \(n_0,n_1,\ldots,n_r\in\{0,1,\ldots,p-1\}\) we have \(A(n)\equiv A(n_0)A(n_1)\cdots A(n_r)\pmod p\), we say that the sequence \(A(n)\) satisfies the Lucas congruence modulo \(p\). In the paper, the authors reveal the connections between the sequence satisfies the so-called generalized Lucas congruences modulo prime powers and the sequence represented as the constant terms of \(P(x,y)^nQ(x,y)\), where \(P\) and \(Q\) are certain Laurent polynomials.