On the ideal class group on which the alternating group of degree five acts and special values of Artin \(L\)-functions (Q2168694)

Consider a Galois extension of number fields \(K/F\) with Galois group \(G\) isomorphic to the alternating group \(A_5\). Let \(p\) be a prime not dividing \([K:F]\) and let \(A_K\) be the \(p\)-part of the ideal class group of \(K\), which can be seen as a \(\mathbb{Z}_p[G]\)-module. Let then \(\chi\) be an irreducible \(p\)-adic character of \(G\) and define \(\mathcal{O}_{\chi}:=\mathbb{Z}_p[\operatorname{Im}(\chi)]\): the goal of this work is to study and characterize the \(\chi\)-part of \(A_K\), with \(\chi\in\mathrm{Irr}(G)\), which is the \(\mathbb{Z}_p[G]\)-module \(e^G_{\chi}(M\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}_p} \mathcal{O}_{\chi})\) (with \(e^G_{\chi}\) being a specific idempotent in the ring \(\mathcal{O}_{\chi}[G]\)). Starting from the character table of \(A_5\), the author proves the following decomposition as \(\mathbb{Z}_p[G]\)-modules for \(A_K\), where every factor is the \(\chi\)-part of \(A_K\) for some character of the table: \[ A_K \simeq A_F \oplus M_4^{(4)} \oplus M_5^{(5)} \oplus M_3^{(3)},\tag{1} \] where the \(M_i\) are \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-modules and the notation \(M_i^{(i)}\) means that \(i\) copies of \(M_i\) appear in the direct sum. A similar result is obtained as a toy model in the case \(G\simeq A_4\). Finally, the author proves a Riemann-Roch formula for a specific family of Artin \(L\)-functions. More in detail, let \(K_+/F_+\) be an \(A_5\)-extension of totally real fields, \(r\in F\) an algebraic positive number and \(K:=K_+(\sqrt{-r})\); let \(\chi\) be an irreducible odd character of \(\operatorname{Gal}(K/F_+)\), \(d_{\chi}=[\mathbb{Q}(\operatorname{Im}\chi): \mathbb{Q}_p]\) and let \(U_K\) be the \(p\)-part of the roots of unity in \(K\). Then \[ d_{\chi}\cdot \mathrm{deg}(\chi)\cdot \mathrm{ord}_p(L(0,\overline{\chi},K/F_+)) = \mathrm{ord}_p(\# A_K^{\chi}) - \mathrm{ord}_p(\# U_K^{\chi}).\tag{2} \] Assuming \(\mathrm{ord}_p(L(0,\overline{\chi},K/F_+))> 0\) and \(\mathrm{ord}_p(\# U_K^{\chi})=0\), the author derives information about the order and the structure of \(A_K\) thanks to the combination of (1) and (2).