Rational solutions of Abel trigonometric polynomial differential equations (Q2169855)

This paper deals with the trigonometric polynomial differential equations of the form \[ Y' = A(\theta) Y^2 + B(\theta) Y^3, \] where \(A\) and \(B\) are real trigonometric polynomials with \(B(\theta) \not\equiv 0\). This paper proves that these equations have at most two trigonometric polynomial solutions, and further shows that such solutions are always constant solutions. Next, it provides an upper bound on the number of rational trigonometric solutions that these equations can have, and shows that under some conditions related with the degree of the trigonometric polynomials \(A(\theta)\) and \(B(\theta)\), the number of rational solutions is two.