Freiman \(t\)-spread principal Borel ideals (Q2170512)

Let \(S=\mathbb{K}[x_1, \ldots,x_n]\) be the polynomial ring over a field \(\mathbb{K}\) and \(I \subseteq S\) be a monomial ideal in \(S\). Then \(I\) has a unique set of minimal monomial generators \(\mathcal{G}(I)\). Let \(\mu(I)=|\mathcal{G}(I)|\), and \(\ell(I)\) be the analytic spread of \(I\), that is the Krull dimension of fiber cone of \(I\) defined as \(F(I)=\frac{S[It]}{\mathfrak{m}S[It]}\), where \(\mathfrak{m}=(x_1, \ldots, x_n)\) is the irredundant maximal ideal of \(S\). In [\textit{J. Herzog} et al., Int. J. Algebra Comput. 29, No. 5, 827--847 (2019; Zbl 1423.13105), Theorem 1.8], it is shown that \[ \mu(I^2) \geq \mu(I) \ell(I) - \binom{\ell(I)}{2} \] if \(I\) is equigenerated, that is \(I\) is generated by monomials of the same degree. If the equality holds, such ideals are called \textit{Freiman ideals} [\textit{J. Herzog} and \textit{G. Zhu}, Commun. Algebra 47, No. 1, 407--423 (2019; Zbl 1410.13007)]. There are several characterizations of Frieman ideals in [\textit{J. Herzog} and \textit{G. Zhu}, Commun. Algebra 47, No. 1, 407--423 (2019; Zbl 1410.13007)] and [\textit{J. Herzog} et al., Math. Z. 291, No. 3--4, 999--1014 (2019; Zbl 1412.13025)]. Let \(I\) be an equigenerated monomial ideal, \((1, h_1, h_2, \ldots)\) be the \(h\)-vector of the \(F(I)\) and \(J\) is the defining ideal of \(F(I)\). Then the followings are equivalent: \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] \(I\) is a Freiman ideal. \item[(ii)] \(\mu(I^k)= \binom{\ell(I)+k-2}{k-1}\mu(I)+(k-1)\binom{\ell(I)+k-2}{k}\), for all \(k\geq 1\). \item[(iii)] \(\mu(I^k)= \binom{\ell(I)+k-2}{k-1}\mu(I)+(k-1)\binom{\ell(I)+k-2}{k}\), for some \(k\geq 2\). \item[(iv)] \(F(I)\) has minimal multiplicity. \item[(v)] \(F(I)\) is Cohen-Macaulay and \(J\) has a \(2\)-linear resolution. \item[(vi)] \(h_2=0\). \item[(vii)] \(h_i=0\) for all \(i\geq 2\) \end{itemize} The paper under review, provides a complete classification of Freiman \(t\)-spread principal Borel ideals, where \(t\) is a non-negative integer. A \(t\)-spread monomial ideal is a generalization of square-free monomial ideal, defined as follows: Let \(t\) is a non-negative integer and \(u = x_{i_1} \cdots x_{i_d}\) be a monomial in \(S\) with \(1 \leq i_1 \leq \cdots \leq i_d \leq n\). Then \(u\) is called \textit{\(t\)-spread monomial} if \(i_{j+1}-i_j \geq t\) for \(1 \leq j \leq d-1\). A monomial ideal is \textit{\(t\)-spread} if it is generated by \(t\)-spread monomials. A monomial ideal \(I\) is called \textit{\(t\)-spread strongly stable} if it satisfies the following condition: for all \(u \in \mathcal{G}(I)\) and \(j \in \{i \colon \; x_i|u\}\) one has \(x_i(u/x_j) \in I\), for all \(i < j\) with \(x_i(u/x_j)\) being \(t\)-spread monomial. Finally, A monomial ideal \(I \subseteq S\) is called \textit{\(t\)-spread principal Borel} if there exists a monomial \(u \in \mathcal{G}(I)\) such that \(I = \mathcal{B}_t(u)\), where \(\mathcal{B}_t(u)\) denotes the smallest \(t\)-spread strongly stable ideal which contains \(u\). A characterization of Freiman principal Borel ideals by considering their sorted graphs can be found in [\textit{J. Herzog} and \textit{G. Zhu}, Math. Notes 107, No. 6, 946--952 (2020; Zbl 1469.13027)]. The main result of this paper is as follows: \textbf{Theorem.} Let \(u = x_{i_1} \cdots x_{i_d}\) be a \(t\)-spread monomial of degree \(d\) in \(S\) with \(1 \leq i_1 \leq \cdots \leq i_d \leq n\). Then: \begin{itemize} \item[1.] if \(d = 1\), then \(\mathcal{B}_t(u)\) is Freiman; \item[2.] if \(d = 2\), then \(\mathcal{B}_t(u)\) is Freiman if and only if \(i_1 \leq 2\) or \(i_1 = 3\) and \(i_2 = t + 3\); \item[3.] if \(d \geq 3\), \(i_1 = 1\) and \(t = 1\), then \(\mathcal{B}_t(u)\) is Freiman if and only if one of the following holds: \begin{itemize} \item[(i)]\(i_j = (j - 1)t + 1\) for any \(j \in \{1, \ldots, d-2\}\) and \(i_{d-1} \in \{(d - 2)t + 1, (d - 2)t + 2\}\); \item[(ii)] there exists some \(p \in \{1, \ldots, d-3\}\) such that \(i_j = (j - 1)t+1\) for any \(j \in \{1, \ldots, p\}\), \(i_j = (j -1)t +2\) for any \(j \in \{1, \ldots, d-1\} \setminus \{1, \ldots, p\}\) and \(i_d \in \{(d - 1)t + 2, (d - 1)t + 3\}\); \end{itemize} \item[4.] if \(d \geq 3\), \(i_1 = 1\) and \(t \geq 2\), then \(\mathcal{B}_t(u)\) is Freiman if and only if one of the following holds: \begin{itemize} \item[(i)]\(i_j = (j - 1)t + 1\) for any \(j \in \{1, \ldots, d-2\}\) and \(i_{d-1} \in \{(d - 2)t + 1, (d - 2)t + 2\}\) or \(i_j = (j - 1)t+1\) for any \(j \in \{1, \ldots, d-2\}\), \(i_{d-1} = (d - 2)t + 3\) and \(i_d = (d - 1)t + 3\); \item[(ii)] there exists some \(p \in \{1, \ldots, d-3\}\) such that \(i_j = (j - 1)t+1\) for any \(j \in \{1, \ldots, p\}\), \(i_j = (j -1)t +2\) for any \(j \in \{1, \ldots, d-1\} \setminus \{1, \ldots, p\}\) and \(i_d \in \{(d - 1)t + 2, (d - 1)t + 3\}\); \end{itemize} \item[5.] if \(d \geq 3\) and \(i_1 = 2\), then \(\mathcal{B}_t(u)\) is Freiman if and only if \[ u = \prod_{i=1}^d x_{(i-1)t+2} \quad \text{or} \quad u = \left( \prod_{i=1}^{d-1} x_{(i-1)t+2} \right)(x_{(d-1)t+3}); \] \item[6.] if \(d \geq 3\) and \(i1 \geq 3\), then \(\mathcal{B}_t(u)\) is not Freiman. \end{itemize}