Instability of the solitary waves for the 1d NLS with an attractive delta potential in the degenerate case (Q2171428)

In this paper, the authors show the orbital instability of the solitary waves \(Q_{\Omega} e^{i\Omega t}\) of the 1d NLS with an attractive delta potential (\(\gamma>0\)) \[ iu_t+u_{xx}+\gamma\delta u+|u|^{p-1}u=0,~~~p>5, \] where \(\Omega=\Omega(p,\gamma) >\frac{\gamma^2}{4}\) is the critical oscillation number and determined by \[ \frac{p-5}{p-1}\int^{+\infty}_{\mathrm{arctanh}(\gamma/2\sqrt{\Omega})}\mathrm{sech}^{\frac{4}{p-1}}(y)dy=\frac{\gamma}{2\sqrt{\Omega}} \left(1-\frac{\gamma^2}{4\Omega}\right)^{-\frac{p-3}{p-1}}\Longleftrightarrow\mathbf{d}''(\Omega)=0. \] The classical convex method and Grillakis-Shatah-Strauss's stability approach by \textit{J. A. Pava} [Nonlinear dispersive equations. Existence and stability of solitary and periodic travelling wave solutions. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2009; Zbl 1202.35246)] and \textit{M. Grillakis} et al. [J. Funct. Anal. 74, 160--197 (1987; Zbl 0656.35122)], doesn't work in this degenerate case. Use a new alternative method, the authors construct the unstable second order approximation near the solitary wave \(Q_{\Omega} e^{i\Omega t}\) on the level set \(\mathscr{M}(Q_{\Omega})\) according to the degenerate structure of the Hamiltonian and to construct a refined Virial identity to show the orbital instability of the solitary waves \(Q_{\Omega} e^{i\Omega t}\) in the energy space. The result is a complement of the results in [\textit{R. Fukuizumi} et al., Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré, Anal. Non Linéaire 25, No. 5, 837--845 (2008; Zbl 1145.35457)], in the degenerate case.