Congruences with intervals and arbitrary sets (Q2173313)

For a given prime \(p\), an integer \(H\in[1,p)\), and an arbitrary set \(\mathcal{M}\subseteq\mathbb F_p^*\), let \(J(H,\mathcal{M})\) denote the number of solutions \((x,y,m,n)\) to the congruence \(xm\equiv yn~\text{mod }p\), where \(x,y\in[1,H]\) and \(m,n\in\mathcal{M}\). In this paper, the authors gave bounds on \(J(H,\mathcal{M})\) in terms of \(p,H\), and the cardinality \(M=|\mathcal{M}|\) as follows.\\ \noindent Theorem 1. For an integer \(H\in[1,p)\) and a set \(\mathcal{M}\subseteq\mathbb F_p^*\) of cardinality \(M\), the following holds as \(p\rightarrow\infty:\) \begin{align*} J(H,\mathcal{M})\ll\left\{\begin{array}{ll} H^2M^2p^{-1}+HMp^{o(1)}, & \hbox{if \(H\ge p^{2/3}\),}\\ H^2M^2p^{-1}+HM^{7/4}p^{-1/4+o(1)}+M^2,& \hbox{if \(H<p^{2/3}\) and}\\ &~~~~~~~M\ge p^{1/3},\\ HMp^{o(1)}+M^2, &\hbox{if \(H<p^{2/3}\) and}\\ &~~~~~~~M<p^{1/3}. \end{array} \right. \end{align*} \par As a result, they gave an estimate on the bounds of certain trilinear character sums of the form \(\displaystyle W_\chi(H,\mathcal{K},\mathcal{M};\alpha,\zeta,\eta)=\sum_{h=1}^H\sum_{k\in\mathcal{K}}\sum_{m\in\mathcal{M}}\alpha_h\zeta_k\eta_m\chi(h+km),\) where \(H\in[1,p)\), sets \(\mathcal{K,M}\subseteq\mathbb F_p^*\), \(\chi\in\chi^*\), and arbitrary complex weights \(\alpha=(\alpha_h)_{h=1}^H,\zeta=(\zeta_k)_{k\in\mathcal{K}}, \eta=(\eta_m)_{m\in\mathcal{M}}\). \\ \\ \noindent Theorem 2. Let the notation be as above, and let \(K\) and \(M\) denote the cardinalities of \(\mathcal{K}\) and \(\mathcal{M}\), respectively. Suppose that \(M\le p^{1/3+o(1)}\) and that the weights \(\alpha_h,\zeta_k,\eta_m\) are all bounded by one in absolute value. Then, for any fixed integer \(\ell\geqslant1\), we have \begin{align*} |W_\chi(H,\mathcal{K},\mathcal{M};\alpha,\zeta,\eta)|\le HKM&\left(p^{-1/2\ell}+H^{-1/2\ell}M^{-1/2\ell}+H^{-1/\ell}\right)\\ &~~~~~~~~\times\left(p^{1/4\ell}+K^{-1/2}p^{1/2\ell}\right)p^{o(1)}. \end{align*} A multidimensional Kloosterman sums, \(\displaystyle K_r(n)=\frac{1}{p^{(r-1)/2}}\sum_{\substack{x_1,\ldots,x_r=1\\ x_1\cdots x_r\equiv n\text{ mod }p}}^{p-1}e_p(x_1+\cdots+x_r)\), where \(e_p(t)=e^{2\pi it/p}\) for all \(t\in\mathbb R\), has the bound \(|K_r(n)|\le r\). However, for the weighted sums of Kloosterman sums \(\displaystyle\mathscr{S}_r(\alpha;\mathcal{M},\mathcal{N})=\sum_{m\in\mathcal{M}}\sum_{n\in\mathcal{N}}\alpha_mK_r(mn)\), with complex weights \(\alpha=(\alpha_m)_{m\in\mathcal{M}}\) and sets \(\mathcal{M,N}\subseteq\mathbb F_p^*\), the authors gave the bound for \(\mathscr{S}_r(\alpha;\mathcal{M},\mathcal{N})\) in the following result.\\ \\ \noindent Theorem 3. For any set \(\mathcal{M}\subseteq\mathbb F_p^*\) of cardinality \(M\), an interval \(\mathcal{N}\subseteq\mathbb F_p*\) of length \(N<p\), complex weights \(\alpha_m\) bounded by one in absolute value, and a fixed even integer \(\ell\geqslant1\), we have \begin{align*} |\mathscr{S}_r(\alpha;\mathcal{M},\mathcal{N})|\le M&N\left(N^{-1/2\ell}+M^{-1/8\ell}N^{-1/\ell}p^{3/8\ell+1/2\ell^2}\right.\\ &\left.+M^{-1/2\ell}N^{-1/\ell}p^{1/2\ell+1/2\ell^2}+N^{-3/2\ell}p^{1/2\ell+1/\ell^2}\right)p^{o(1)}. \end{align*} As a consequence to the main results, the authors gave new estimates on trilinear sums and also derived new bounds on bilinear sums with Kloosterman sums complementing the results available in [\textit{E. Kowalski} et al., Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa, Cl. Sci.(5) 21, Spec. Iss., 1453--1530 (2020; Zbl 07373253)].