Ilyashenko algebras based on transserial asymptotic expansions (Q2173710)

The authors construct a Hardy field \(\mathcal K\) that contains \textit{Yu. S. Il'yashenko}'s class of germs at \(+\infty\) of almost regular functions [Finiteness theorems for limit cycles. Transl. from the Russian by H. H. McFaden. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (1991; Zbl 0743.34036)] and the Hardy field \(\mathcal H\) of all germs at \(+\infty\) of unary functions definable in the o-minimal structure \(\mathbb R_{\text{an,exp}}\). This implies non-oscillatory behaviour of almost regular germs with respect to all log-exp-analytic germs. The construction extends the previous construction of a Hardy field \(\mathcal F\) containing Ilyashenko's almost regular germs by the third author [Can. J. Math. 70, No. 1, 218--240 (2018; Zbl 1397.14073)]. The field \(\mathcal F\) however does not contain \(\mathcal H\). Each germ in the Hardy field \(\mathcal K\) is uniquely characterized by an asymptotic expansion in an LE-series as defined by \textit{L. van den Dries} et al. [Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 111, No. 1--2, 61--113 (2001; Zbl 0998.12014)] and in a transseries as defined by \textit{J. van der Hoeven} [Transseries and real differential algebra. Berlin: Springer (2006; Zbl 1128.12008)]. As expressed by the authors in the introduction, their main motivation for extending Ilyashenko's construction as performed in the paper is the conjecture that the class of almost regular germs generates an o-minimal structure over the real field. The proof of the conjecture might in turn lead to locally uniform bounds on the number of limit cycles in subanalytic families of real analytic planar vector fields with hyperbolic singularities. The conjucture was confirmed by \textit{T. Kaiser} et al. [J. Reine Angew. Math. 636, 1--45 (2009; Zbl 1203.03051)] under the additional assumption that all singularities are non-resonant. The construction of \(\mathcal K\) in the paper is based on the existence of a multiplicative subgroup \(\mathcal L\) of \(\mathcal H\) such that no two germs in \(\mathcal L\) are equivalent in the sense that \(f(x) = O(g(x))\) and \(g(x) = O(f(x))\) as \(x \to +\infty\), and each germ in \(\mathcal H\) is a convergent Laurent series in a tuple of germs in \(\mathcal L\). The construction in [\textit{P. Speissegger}, Can. J. Math. 70, No. 1, 218--240 (2018; Zbl 1397.14073)] then generalizes after replacing the finite iterates of \(\log\) with germs in \(\mathcal L\) and leads to the desired Hardy field \(\mathcal K\). The proof of this result relies heavily on the recent paper [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 371, No. 7, 5203--5246 (2019; Zbl 1504.14100)] of the second and the third author. Under the identification of the Hardy field \(\mathcal H\) with the set of all convergent LE-series (via the natural summation operator) the set \(\mathcal L\) corresponds to the set of convergent LE-monomials. In the concluding remarks at the end of the paper the authors point out that closedness under composition and under integration of the Hardy field \(\mathcal K\) are not known at this point.