Complexifications of real Banach spaces and their isometries (Q2174478)

Let \((\mathcal{X}, \|\cdot\|)\) be a real normed space and \(\mathbb{C}\mathcal{X}:=\mathcal{X}+i\mathcal{X}\) be its complexification endowed with the so-called Taylor complexification norm given by \[\|x+iy\|_{\mathbb{C}}:=\sup_{0\le\theta\le 2\pi}\|x\cos\theta+y\sin\theta\|.\] When \(\mathcal{X}\) is finite-dimensional, the authors determine the group of isometries on the space \((\mathbb{C} \mathcal{X},\|\cdot\|_{\mathbb{C}})\) in terms of those of \((\mathcal{X}, \|\cdot\|)\). The proof is very technical and uses a series of auxiliary lemmas and results that are of independent interest. Among them, the authors give a description of the Taylor complexification norm in terms of extreme points of the unit ball for the dual of the original norm \(\|\cdot\|\). As an application, they compute the group of isometries for the numerical radius and related norms. Other results, including a partial extension to infinite-dimensional Banach spaces, are also discussed. Moreover, many examples and remarks are given which nicely illustrate the obtained results.