Occurrence of planktonic blooms under environmental fluctuations and its possible control mechanism -- mathematical models and experimental observations (Q2177382)

This article has attempted to find a mechanism by which to explain the vibrational sequence of planktonic blooms, as well as to elucidate a possible mechanism for controlling blooms. For this, the authors used models consisting of three main components: the relationship of phytoplankton and zooplankton (prey-predator) with the instant release of the toxin, a discrete change in the release of toxin over time, and the stochasticity of the environment in the phytoplankton population in the form of additive color noise. The theoretical results of the study show that if the absorption function is linear, then the decrease in pasture pressure due to toxic substances is a functional type II, since the distribution of toxic substances occurs instantly, no oscillatory sequences of plankton bloom were observed. But if the process of excretion of toxins follows a discrete change in time, then the periodic bloom of plankton can be explained. It is also observed that the blooming phenomena described by this mechanism can be controlled in two ways: (i) through toxin-producing phytoplankton (TPP) and (ii) through the introduction of less rapid artificial eutrophication. The authors observed a linear relationship between the critical value of the time delay and the correlation time of fluctuations with a negative slope. Since correlation time measures the rate of fluctuation in the environment, the delay factor is an integral part of the property of the system, and cannot be used as a possible control mechanism. Thus, controlling the correlation time of environmental fluctuations can be used as a possible mechanism for controlling plankton bloom. It can be concluded that TPP and control of the rate of environmental fluctuations are key factors in stopping plankton bloom.