Elastic scattering from rough surfaces in three dimensions (Q2181264)

The authors consider an unbounded, connected and open set \(D\subset \mathbb{R}^{3}\) such that \(U_{f+}\subset D\subset U_{f-}\), for some constants \(f- < f+\), with \(U_{b}=\{x=(x^{\prime },x_{3}):x_{3}>b\}\). They assume that \(\Gamma=\partial D\) is an unbounded and rough surface, which is Lipschitz continuous but not necessarily the graph of some function. \(D\) is supposed to be filled with a homogeneous and isotropic elastic medium with unit mass density. An incident field \(u^{in}\) satisfies the three-dimensional time-harmonic Navier equation: \(\mu \Delta u^{in}+(\lambda +\mu )\nabla \nabla \cdot u^{in}+\omega ^{2}u^{in}=0\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\) and the scattered field \(u^{sc}\) satisfies \(\mu \Delta u^{sc}+(\lambda +\mu )\nabla \nabla \cdot u^{sc}+\omega ^{2}u^{sc}=0\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\), \(u^{sc}=-u^{in}\) on \(\Gamma \). The first main result of the paper proves that if \(\Gamma \) is the graph of a uniformly Lipschitz function and if \(u^{in}=0\), then \(u\equiv 0\) in \(D\), which implies a uniqueness result. For the proof, the authors introduce the upward Dirichlet to Neumann operator defined for \(v\in H^{1/2}(\Gamma _{b})^{3}\) as \(\mathcal{T}v=Tu^{sc}=2\mu \partial_{3}u+\lambda (\nabla \cdot u)(0,0,1)^{\intercal }+\mu (0,0,1)^{\intercal}\times (\nabla \times u)\), on \(\Gamma _{b}=\{x\in \mathbb{R}^{3}:x_{3}=b)\}\) and they establish some properties. They also consider the time-harmonic elastic wave \(u^{in}=G(x,y)\), the Green tensor of the Navier equation in \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\) and they observe that \(u^{in}\) is the solution to the three-dimensional time-harmonic Navier equation \(\mu \Delta u^{in}+(\lambda+\mu )\nabla \nabla \cdot u^{in}+\omega ^{2}u^{in}=\delta (x-y)I\) in \( \mathbb{R}^{3}\setminus \{y\}\), where \(\omega >0\) is the angular frequency. They write the displacement of the scattered field \(u^{sc}=u-u^{in}\) as \(u^{sc}=\frac{1}{i}(\nabla \phi +\nabla \times \psi )\), with \(\nabla \cdot\psi =0\) and where the scalar function \(\phi \) and the vector function \(\psi\) satisfy the homogeneous Helmholtz equations \(\Delta \phi +\kappa_{p}^{2}\phi =0\), \(\Delta \psi +\kappa _{s}^{2}\psi =0\) in \(D\), where \(\kappa _{p}\) and \(\kappa _{s}\) are defined through parameters of the problem. Using the Fourier transform, they propose representations of \(u^{sc}\) in terms of the Fourier transform of the Dirichlet data \(u(x^{\prime },b)\) in \(U_{b}\). In the last part of their paper, the authors prove existence results for these scattering problems. They starts with the case where \(\Gamma \) is a rigid flat surface taken equal to \(\Gamma _{0}\). They introduce the outgoing Kupradze radiation condition for the scattered field \(u^{sc}\) in a half-space and they establish the expression of the half-space Green tensor \(G_{H}(.,y)\), \(y_{3}>0\), and they draw computations on the incident and scattered waves. They then consider the case where \(\Gamma\) is a locally perturbed flat surface. They use the Dirichlet to Neumann operator to build a variational formulation and they prove the existence of a solution \(u\in H_{S}^{1}(\Omega )^{3}\) to this variational formulation, which can be extended from to \(D\) as a solution of the scattering problems in \(H_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1}(D)\). They end with some uniqueness result in this case.