Rate of approximation of \(z f^\prime (z)\) by special sums associated with the zeros of the Bessel polynomials (Q2182009)

The author studies the problem of numerical differentiation of analytic functions, using a formula of the form \[zf'(z)\approx \sum_{k=1}^n\,\left(f(a_{nk}z)-f(b_{nk}z)\right)\tag{5}\] and the estimates for the remainder \[r_n(f;z)=zf'(z)-\sum_{k=1}^n\left(f(a_{nk}z)-f(b_{nk}z)\right).\] Here \(f(z)=\sum_0^{\infty}\,f_mz^m\) a function, analytic in a neighbourhood of the origin and \[a_{nk}=1-\frac{\alpha_{nk}}{2},\ b_{nk}=1+\frac{\alpha_{nk}}{2}\quad (k=1,\ldots,n),\] with \(\alpha_{nk}\ (k=1, \ldots,n)\) the zeros of the \(n\)th Bessel polynomial \[y_n(z)=\sum_{k=0}^n\,\frac{(n+k)!}{(n-k)!k!}\,\left(\frac{z}{2}\right)^k.\] The main results are: Theorem 1. Let \(x\in (0,1)\) and \(|f_m|\leq 1\) for all \(m\). If \(n\geq n_0(x)=\max{\{14,x^2(1-x)^{-2}\}-1}\), then \[|r_n(f;z)|\leq \frac{|z|^{2n+1}}{x-|z|}\,\frac{2x}{(1-x)^{2n+2}}\,\left( \frac{n!}{(2n)!}\right)^2,\quad |z|<x,\] and this estimate is sharp in order of the quantity \(n\) for \(|z|\approx x\). In particular, if \(n\geq 13\) and \(x=x_n=\sqrt{n}/(1+\sqrt{n})\), then \[|r_n(f;z)|\leq \frac{|z|^{2n+1}}{x_n-|z|}\,\frac{0.92^{2n}}{n^{n-1}},\quad |z|<x_n.\] Theorem 2. Let \(x\in (0,1)\) and \(f\) be analytic in \(D=\{z:|z|<1\}\). If \(n\geq n_0(cx)\), then for every \(\varepsilon\in (0,1]\) \[|r_n(f;z)|\leq C(f,\varepsilon)\frac{(1-\varepsilon/2)^{2n}x^{2n+1}}{(1-x)^{2n+2}} \frac{n!^2}{(2n)!^2},\quad \vert z\vert\le (1-\varepsilon)x.\] The layot of the paper is as follows: \S1. Introduction \S2. The differentiation formula and its properties \S3. The nonlocal estimate of the interpolation error in \((5)\) The main results quoted above; the proof of the important tool Propositon 3 is given in \S5 \S4. Similar differentiation formulas \S5. Proof of Proposition 3 This proposition gives an estimate for the remainder \[R_n(z)=\frac{1}{(1-z)^2}-\sum_{k=1}^n\,\frac{a_{nk}}{1-a_{nk}z} + \sum_{k=1}^n\,\frac{b_{nk}}{1-b_{nk}z}\] for the model function \(g(z)=z/(1-z)\): Proposition 3. Let \(x\in (0,1)\). If \(n\geq n_0(x)\), then \[\frac{x^{2n}}{(1-x)^{2n+2}}\,\left(\frac{n!}{(2n)!}\right)^2 \leq \max_{|z|=x}\,|R_n(x)| < \frac{2 x^{2n}}{(1-x)^{2n+2}}.\] References (contains \(13\) items)