Groups whose non-permutable subgroups are metaquasihamiltonian (Q2182114)

We need some definitions. A subgroup \(H\) of a group \(G\) is permutable if \(HK = KH\) for every subgroup K of \(G\), Let \(A_1\) denote the class of all abelian groups. If the class \(A_k\) for some positive integer \(k\) has been defined, let \(A_k+1\) denote the class of all groups whose non-permutable subgroups are all \(A_k\)-groups. (Groups in the class \(A_2\) have earlier been given the name metaquasihamiltonian.) Then \(A_k \subseteq A_k+1\) for each \(k\). Set \(A_\infty=\bigcup_k A_k\). Finally a group is said to be locally graded if every infinite finitely generated subgroup of \(G\) has a proper subgroup of finite index. The purpose here of introducing this notion is to avoid pathological groups like the Tarski monsters. The main result (Theorem 2.21) of this complex paper is the following in some-ways surprising theorem. If \(G\) is a locally graded group, then \(G \in A_\infty\) if and only if \(G\) has a finite normal subgroup \(N\) such that every proper subgroup of \(G/N\) is permutable (that is, such that in earlier terminology \(G/N\) is quasihamiltonian). There are many other results of interest in this paper found on the way to proving Theorem 2.21, too many to attempt to summarize here. Many of these involve classes \(X_k\) or \(X_\infty\) where \(A_1\) is replaced in the above definitions by more general classes, often much more general classes, \(X_1\).