Torsion of \(\mathbb{Q}\)-curves over quadratic fields (Q2183377)

It is one of main topics in the theory of elliptic curves to determine all possible torsion groups of elliptic curves defined over number fields of given degrees \(d\) over \(\mathbb Q\). For some \(d\) (for example \(d=1,2\)), the torsion groups are determined for all elliptic curves, or for subsets such as the set of elliptic curves with complex multiplication and so on. For \(d=2\), the possible torsion groups are \(C_n (1\le n\le 18,n\ne 17)\), \(C_2\times C_{2n} (1\le n\le 6)\), \(C_3\times C_{3n} (n=1,2)\), \(C_4\times C_4\) and each group can be the torsion group of infinitely many elliptic curves up to isomorphism. Here \(C_n\) denotes the cyclic group of order \(n\). In this article, the authors determine torsion groups of \(\mathbb Q\)-curves defined over quadratic fields. A \(\mathbb Q\)-curve defined over a field \(K\) is an elliptic curve \(E\) defined over \(K\) which is isogenous to every conjugate of \(E\) over \(K\). They show that only the group \(C_{11}\) is excluded from the above list of torsion groups if elliptic curves in consideration are restricted to \(\mathbb Q\)-curves for \(d=2\), and that there are infinitely many \(\mathbb Q\)-curves up to isomorphism with each of possible torsion groups, except for \(C_{14}\) and \(C_{15}\) of which there are finitely many.