On examples of supersingular and rationally chain connected threefolds (Q2186027)

Let \(k\) be an algebraically closed ground field of characteristic \(p>0\), and \(X\) be a smooth projective threefold having a fibration \(f:X\to\mathbb{P}^1\) such that all geometric fibers are \(K3\) surfaces. Examples for \(p\leq 3\) appear in [\textit{S. Schröer}, Compos. Math. 140, No. 6, 1579--1592 (2004; Zbl 1074.14037)]. The cohomology groups \(H^i_{\text{rig}}(X/K)=H^i_{\text{cris}}(X/W)\otimes_WK\) are \(F\)-isocrystals, and come with certain rational numbers \(s\geq 0\) as slopes. The main result of the paper is the equivalence of the following three conditions, under the additional assumption that the generic fiber is a Kummer surface and that \(p\neq 2\): \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] The only slope in \(H^2_\text{rig}(X/K)\) is \(s=1\). \item[(ii)] There are no slopes in \(H^i(X/K)\), \(i>0\) belonging to the interval \([0,1[\). \item[(iii)] The scheme \(X\) is rationally chain connected. \end{itemize} The proof relies on a similar statement known for Kummer surfaces \(S\): The slope condition on \(H^1(S/K)\) is indeed equivalent to unirationality, and also to rational chain connectedness [\textit{T. Shioda}, Math. Ann. 230, 153--168 (1977; Zbl 0343.14021)].