Radon's construction and matrix relations generating syzygies (Q2187957)

In this article, interpolation in two dimensions by polynomials is considered and it is, in this context, of course a particularly important problem which distributions of data points allow unique interpolants to exist for given data values. One begins with concepts of correctness (for a particular polynomial degree) of sets of data points which allow just that. It is useful to find out whether a set is correct by analysing ideals of (nontrivial) polynomials which vanish on such sets of data points. The next step is to consider particular sets of bases of those ideals which are called H-bases; there are homogeneous relations between the basis elements that are called syzygies (Section 2 of the article). Correct sets of some polynomial degree can be extended to sets of a (single) degree higher by adding nodes along lines (Sections 3 and, for those maximal lines, 4 of the paper). The Lagrange functions with respect to the new nodes are called fundamental polynomials and the linear factors (linear because the degree is increased by just one) that create them from the old nodes are of particular interest. One goal of this paper is to characterise them other than with syzygies matrix relations, and this generalisation of the classical approach is performed in the main results of the article.