A dynamical Borel-Cantelli lemma via improvements to Dirichlet's theorem (Q2188747)

Let \( X\cong SL_2(\mathbb{R})/SL_2(\mathbb{Z}) \) be the space of unimodular lattices in \( \mathbb{R}^{2} \). For any \( r\ge 0 \) denote by \( K_r \subset X \) the set of lattices such that all its nonzero vectors have supremum norm at least \( e^{-r} \). In this paper, the authors derive a dynamical Borel-Cantelli lemma for the diagonal flow \( a_s:=\text{diag}(e^s, e^{-s}) \) on \( X \). Let \( (X, \mu) \) be a probality space, where \( \mu \) is the probability Haar measure on \( X \). Below is their Borel-Cantelli lemma, which is the main result in this paper. Main Theorem. Let \( r:[s_0, \infty)\to (0, \infty) \) be continuous and nonincreasing function. Let \( B_s=K_{r(s)} \) and let \( B_{\infty}=\limsup_{t\to \infty}a_{-s}B_s \). Then we have \begin{align*} \sum_{n}r(n)\log\left(\dfrac{1}{r(n)}\right)< \infty \quad \Rightarrow \quad \mu(B_\infty)=0. \end{align*} If in addition we assume that the function \( s\mapsto s+r(s) \) is nondecreasing, then we have \begin{align*} \sum_{n}r(n)\log\left(\dfrac{1}{r(n)}\right)= \infty \quad \Rightarrow \quad \mu(B_\infty)=1. \end{align*} The authors use an explicit second moment formula for the Siegel transform of the indicator functions of squares in \( \mathbb{R}^{2} \) centered at the origin to derive an asymptotic formula for the volume of sets \( K_r \) as \( r\to 0 \). Combined with a zero-one law for the set of the \( \psi \)-Dirichlet numbers established by \textit{D. Kleinbock} and \textit{N. Wadleigh} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 146, No. 5, 1833--1844 (2018; Zbl 1448.11126)], this gives a new dynamical Borel-Cantelli lemma (Main Theorem) for the geodesic flow on X with respect to the family of shrinking targets \(\{K_r\}\).