Functional central limit theorems and \(P(\phi )_1\)-processes for the relativistic and non-relativistic Nelson models (Q2189719)

The Nelson Hamiltonian is defined by a selfadjoint operator of the form \(H_N=H_p\otimes\mathbf{1}+\mathbf{1}\otimes H_f+H_i\) on the Hilbert space \(\mathcal{H} =L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\otimes \mathcal{F}_b\), where \(\mathcal{F}_b = \bigoplus_{n=0}^\infty L^2_{\mathrm{sym}}(\mathbb{R}^{dn})\) denotes the boson Fock space over \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\). The components \(H_p\), \(H_f\), and \(H_i\) are, respectively, the Hamilton operators of the quantum mechanical particle, free field, and particle-field interaction. Let \(K\) be a selfadjoint operator acting in \(L^2(M, \mathrm{d}m)\) with a measurable space \((M, m)\), and strictly positive ground state \(\psi\) of \(K\) with \(K\psi = \kappa \psi\), where \(\kappa = \inf \mathrm{Spec}(K)\), and let \(M_f\) denote the multiplication operator by \(f\). The map \(K\mapsto L_K=M_{\psi^{-1}}(K-\kappa)M_\psi\) is called the ground state transform of \(K\). A~Markov process possessing \(K\) as an infinitesimal generator is called a \(P(\phi)_1\)-process. In this article, the authors construct \(P(\phi)_1\)-processes indexed by the full time-line, separately derived from the functional integral representations of the relativistic and non-relativistic Nelson models in quantum field theory. Associated with these processes they define a martingale which, under an appropriate scaling, allows to obtain a central limit theorem for additive functionals of these processes. Some examples by choosing specific functionals related to particle-field operators are discussed.