Linear prediction and simultaneous approximation by \(m\)-th order Kantorovich type sampling series (Q2192888)

The authors introduce a new family of sampling type operators. The layout of the paper is as follows. \S1. Introduction (\(2\) pages) An extensive discussion of the development of the study of approximation operators for which not only a target-function is approximated, but also the \(m\)th derivative of the target function by the \(m\)th derivative of the oprator. For pioneer work on this subject, the reader is referred to \textit{Seminar on Interpolation and Convexity\/}, Cluj-Napoca, September 1--10 (1968) [\textit{B. Sendov} and \textit{V. Popov}, C. R. Acad. Bulg. Sci. 22, 507--509 (1969; Zbl 0207.13403); Bulgar. Akad. Nauk., Izv. Mat. Inst. 11, 107--115 (1970; Zbl 0223.46029)]. \S2. Notations and preliminaries (\(4\) pages) Using a so-called \textit{kernel of order \(m\in\mathbb{N}\)}, given by \(\chi:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}\) (satisfying 5 conditions), the \(m\)th order Kantorovich type sampling series based upon \(\chi\) is defined as \[ \left[\mathcal{K}_{w,\chi}^m\right](f)(x)=\left|D^m\circ G_w^{\chi}\circ I_m\right|,\ x\in\mathbb{R}, \] where \(D^m=\frac{d^m}{dx^m},\ m\in\mathbb{N}\) is the usual \(m\)th differential operator and \(I^m\) denotes the \(m\)th order anti-differential. \(G\) is the sampling series \[\left[ G^{\chi}_w\right](f)(x)=\sum_{k\in\mathbb{Z}}\,f\left(\frac{k}{w}\right) \chi(wx-k).\] \S3. Convergence and quantitative estimates (\(9\frac{1}{2}\) pages) The main results are given in the following theorems. Theorem 1. Let \(f\in\mathcal{C}^0 (\mathbb{R})\) be fixed. Then \[\lim_{w\rightarrow\infty}\,\left[\mathcal{K}_{w,\chi}^m\right](f)(x)=f(x)\] for every \(x\in\mathbb{R}\). Moreover, if \(f\in\mathcal{C}(\mathbb{R})\) then \[\lim_{w\rightarrow\infty}\,\left\|\left[\mathcal{K}_{w,\chi}^m\right](f)-f\right\|_{\infty}=0.\] Theorem 2. Let \(\chi\) be an \(m\)-kernel, such that \[M_{m+1}(\chi^{(m)})<\infty.\] Then for every \(f\in\mathbb{C}(\mathbb{R})\) there holds \[\|\left[\mathcal{K}_{w,\chi}^m\right](f)-f\|_{\infty}\leq\frac{\omega(f,1/w)}{m!}\,\left[ M_m(\chi^{(m)}) + \frac{(2m+1)}{m+1} M_{m+1}(\chi^{(m)})\right],\] for every \(w>0\). Theorem 3. If \(f\in\mathbb{C}(\mathbb{R}),\,m\in\mathbb{N}\), the equality \[\left[\mathcal{K}_{w,\overline{\chi}_m}^m\right](f^{(m)})\left(x+\frac{m}{2w}\right)=w^m \sum_{k\in\mathbb{Z}}\,\chi(wx-k)\left[\delta_{1/w}^m f\right]\left(\frac{k}{w}\right)\] holds, where \[\left[\delta_{1/w}^mf\right]\left(\frac{k}{w}\right)=\sum_{j=0}^m\,(-1)^j \left( \begin{matrix} m \\ j\end{matrix} \right) f\left(\frac{k+m-j}{w}\right),\] is the \(m\)th order finite-differences operator with step-size \(1/w\) at the node \(k/w,k\in\mathbb{Z},w>0\). \S4. Asymptotic expansions and Voronskaya type theorems (\(3\frac{1}{2}\) pages) Theorem 4. Let \(\chi\) be an \(m\) kernel, such that there exists a positive integer \(r\) for which the following algebraic moments \[A_{m+i}(\chi^{(m)}),\ i=1,\ldots,r\] are constants and such that \(M_{m+r}(\chi^{(m)})<\infty,\,M_{m+r+1}(\chi^{(m)})<\infty\). Let now \(f\) be a bounded \(r\) times differentiable function such that \(f^{(r)}\in\mathcal{C}(\mathbb{R})\). Then the following asymptotic formula holds \[\left[\mathcal{K}_{w,\chi}^m\right](f)(x)=\frac{1}{(m-1)!}\,\sum_{i=0}^r\,\frac{f^{(i)}(x)}{i!w^i}\,\mathcal{A}_{m+i}(\chi^{(m)})\, \sum_{\nu=0}^i\,\left(\begin{matrix}i \cr \nu\end{matrix}\right)\frac{(-1)^{\nu}}{m+\nu}\,+ o(w^{-r}),\] as \(w\rightarrow\infty\), uniformly with respect to \(x\in\mathbb{R}\). Theorem 5. Let \(f\) be a bounded and differentiable function with \(f'\in\mathcal{C}(\mathbb{R})\) and \(\chi\) be an \(m\)- kernel such that \(A_{m+1}(\chi^{(m)})\) is a finite constant and \(M_j(\chi^{(m)})<\infty\) for \(j=m+1,m+2\). Then we have \[\left|w\left\{\left[\mathcal{K}_{w,\chi}^m\right](f)(x)-f(x)\right\}\right|\leq \frac{2}{(m-1)!}\omega(f',w^{-1})[M_{m+1}(\chi^{(m)})+2M_{m+2}(\chi^{(m)}),\] \(w>0\), namely \[\lim_{w\rightarrow\infty}\,w\left\{[\mathcal{K}_{w,\chi}^m](f)(x)-f(x)\right\}=\,\frac{A_{m+1}(\chi^{(m)}}{(m+1)!}\,f'(x).\] Suppose in addition that the \(m\)-kernel \(\chi\) satisfies \[A_{m+1}(\chi^{(m)})=A_{m+2}(\chi^{(m)})=\cdots=A_{m+\ell}(\chi^{(m)})=0,\] for some \(\ell\in\mathbb{N},\ell\geq 1\), and \(M_j(\chi^{(m)})<\infty\) for \(j=m+\ell +1,m+\ell +2\). Then for any bounded and \(t+1\) times differentiable function\(f\) with \(f^{(t+1)}\in\mathcal{C}(\mathbb{R})\) we have \[\left| w^{t+1}\left\{\left[\mathcal{K}_{w,\chi}^m\right](f)(x)-f(x)\right\}-\frac{f^{(t+1)}(x)}{(m-1)!(t+1)!} A_{m+t+1}(\chi^{(m)} \sum_{\nu=0}^{t+1}\,\frac{(-1)^{\nu}}{m+\nu}\right|\] \[\leq\,\frac{2^{t+1}}{(m-1)!(t+1)!}\omega(f^{(t+1)},w^{-1})[M_{m+t+1}(\chi^{(m)})+2M_{m+t+2}(\chi^{(m)})],\] \(w>0\), namely \[\lim_{w\rightarrow\infty}\,\left\{\left[\mathcal{K}_{w,\chi}^m\right](f)(x)-f(x)\right\}=\frac{f^{(t+1)}(x)}{(m-1)!(t+1)!} A_{m+t+1}(\chi^{(m)} \sum_{\nu=0}^{t+1}\,\frac{(-1)^{\nu}}{m+\nu}.\] \S5. Examples of kernels (\(6\) pages) Discussion of the Bochner-Riesz radial functions \[b_n(x)=\frac{2^n}{\pi\sqrt{2}}\Gamma(\eta +1)|x|^{-\eta-1/2}J_{n+1/2}(|x|),\ x\in\mathbb{R},\] with \(\eta>0\), and where \(J_{\lambda}\) is the Bessel function of order \(\lambda\) and \(\Gamma\) is the Euler Gamma function. References (\(48\) items)