\(C_2\)-equivariant stable homotopy from real motivic stable homotopy (Q2193654)

Let \(\mathrm{SH}(K)\) denote the category of motivic spectra over a field \(K\) in the sense of \textit{F. Morel} and \textit{V. Voevodsky} [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 90, 45--143 (1999; Zbl 0983.14007)], and let \(\mathrm{Sp}\) denote the category of spectra. In the case that the base field \(K\) is the complex numbers \(\mathbb{C}\), Betti realization is a functor \[ \mathrm{Be} \ \colon \mathrm{SH}(\mathbb{C}) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Sp}, \] which sends a smooth scheme \(Z\) to its \(\mathbb{C}\)-points. In particular, there is an induced map \[ \mathrm{Be} \ \colon \pi_{i,j}^{\mathbb{C}}(Z) = [S^{i-j} \wedge \mathbb{G}_m^j, X]_{\mathbb{C}} \longrightarrow \pi_{i} \mathrm{Be}(Z). \] At the prime \(2\) this map has been studied by \textit{D. Dugger} and \textit{D. C. Isaksen} [Geom. Topol. 14, No. 2, 967--1014 (2010; Zbl 1206.14041)], and has been studied at odd primes by \textit{S.-T. Stahn} [``The motivic Adams-Novikov spectral sequence at odd primes over $\mathbb{C}$ and $\mathbb{R}$'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1606.06085}]. As a corollary of the results of the above mentioned authors, the authors of this work deduce that the category of \(p\)-complete spectra is equivalent to the category of \(p\)-complete cellular motivic spectra over \(\mathbb{C}\) after inverting the class \(\tau \in \pi_{0,-1}^\mathbb{C}(S^{0,0})^{\wedge}_p\) in the \(p\)-complete stable motivic homotopy groups of spheres. That is, \[ \mathrm{Sp}^{\wedge}_p \cong \mathrm{SH}_{\mathrm{cell}}(\mathbb{C})^{\wedge}_p[\tau^{-1}]. \] Working with the real numbers as the base field, \textit{T. Bachmann} [Compos. Math. 154, No. 5, 883--917 (2018; Zbl 1496.14019)] obtained an analogous result, namely that the category of spectra is equivalent (via Betti realization) to the stable real motivic homotopy category after inverting the class \(\rho \in \pi_{-1,-1}^\mathbb{R}(S^{0,0})\). That is, \[ \mathrm{Sp} \cong \mathrm{SH}(\mathbb{R})[\rho^{-1}]. \] The purpose of the paper under review is to prove results similar to those above, this time with respect to the \(C_2\)-Betti realization \[ \mathrm{Be}^{C_2} \colon \mathrm{SH}(R) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Sp}^{C_2}, \] where \(\mathrm{Sp}^{C_2}\) is the category of (genuine) \(C_2\)-spectra. The method of approach chosen by the authors is via the isotropy seperation square of \textit{J. P. C. Greenlees} and \textit{J. P. May} [Generalized Tate cohomology. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (1995; Zbl 0876.55003)], which expresses a \(C_2\)-spectrum \(Y\) as the homotopy pullback of its homotopy completion, \(Y^h = F((EC_2)_+, Y)\), its geometric localization \(Y^{\Phi} = Y \wedge \tilde{EC_2}\), and its equivariant Tate spectrum \(Y^t = (Y^h)^\Phi\). Denote by \(\mathrm{Sp}^{hC_2}\) the full subcategory of \(C_2\)-spectra consisting of homotopically complete spectra, and let \(\mathrm{Sp}^{\Phi C_2}\) denote the full subcategory of geometrically local spectra. Since \(C_2\)-geometric fixed points yield an equivalence \(\mathrm{Sp}^{\Phi C_2} \cong \mathrm{Sp}\), Bachmann's theorem can be restated as an equivalence \[ \mathrm{Sp}^{\Phi C_2} \cong \mathrm{SH}(\mathbb{R})[\rho^{-1}]. \] It follows that the main task for the authors is to understand the homotopy completion of \(C_2\)-Betti realization. They prove that the right adjoint to \(p\)-complete, homotopy complete \(C_2\)-Betti realization \[ \mathrm{Cell}\mathrm{Sing}^{C_2} \colon (S^{hC_2})^{\wedge}_p \longrightarrow \mathrm{SH}_{\mathrm{cell}}(\mathbb{R})^\wedge_p, \] is fully faithful. In particular, these equivalences of categories and fully faithful functors give a method to compute all the required aspects of the isotropy separation square, in particular, the authors deduce a number of formulae, including \[ \pi_{\ast, \ast}^{C_2}~ \widehat{\mathrm{Be}}_{p}^{C_2}(X)^h \cong \pi_{\ast, \ast}^\mathbb{R}~ X^\wedge_p[\tau^{-1}], \] and \[ \pi_{\ast, \ast}^{C_2}~\widehat{\mathrm{Be}}_{p}^{C_2}(X)^t \cong \pi_{\ast,\ast}^\mathbb{R}~ X_p^\wedge[\tau^{-1}][\rho^{-1}]. \] for \(X\) a \(p\)-complete cellular \(R\)-motivic spectrum, and \[ \pi_{\ast, \ast}^{C_2}~ \mathrm{Be}^{C_2}(X)^\Phi \cong \pi_{\ast, \ast}^\mathbb{R} X [\rho^{-1}], \] for \(X\) an \(\mathbb{R}\)-motivic spectrum. With this, the authors use the isotropy separation square to show that the \(p\)-complete \(C_2\)-equivariant stable homotopy category is a localization of the real motivic cellular stable homotopy category. In particular the authors carry out a number of computations of \(\pi_{\ast,\ast}^{C_2}~\widehat{\mathrm{Be}}^{C_2}_2 X\) for \(X = (H\mathbb{F}_2)_\mathbb{R}\), \((H\mathbb{Z}_2^\wedge)_\mathbb{R}\), and \(kgl_2^\wedge\).