Grossberg-Karshon twisted cubes and hesitant jumping walk avoidance (Q2194085)

Summary: Let \(G\) be a complex simply-laced semisimple algebraic group of rank \(r\) and \(B\) a Borel subgroup. Let \(\mathbf i \in [r]^n\) be a word and let \(\boldsymbol{\ell} = (\ell_1,\dots,\ell_n)\) be a sequence of non-negative integers. Grossberg and Karshon introduced a virtual lattice polytope associated to \(\mathbf i\) and \(\boldsymbol{\ell}\) called a twisted cube, whose lattice points encode the character of a \(B\)-representation. More precisely, lattice points in the twisted cube, counted with sign according to a certain density function, yields the character of the generalized Demazure module determined by \(\mathbf i\) and \(\boldsymbol{\ell} \). In recent work, the author and Harada described precisely when the Grossberg-Karshon twisted cube is untwisted, i.e., the twisted cube is a closed convex polytope, in the situation when the integer sequence \(\boldsymbol{\ell}\) comes from a weight \(\lambda\) of \(G\). However, not every integer sequence \(\boldsymbol{\ell}\) comes from a weight of \(G\). In the present paper, we interpret the untwistedness of Grossberg-Karshon twisted cubes associated with any word \(\mathbf i\) and any integer sequence \(\boldsymbol{\ell}\) using the combinatorics of \(\mathbf i\) and \(\boldsymbol{\ell} \). Indeed, we prove that the Grossberg-Karshon twisted cube is untwisted precisely when \(\mathbf i\) is \textit{hesitant-jumping-\(\boldsymbol{\ell}\)-walk-avoiding}.