Dispersive estimates, blow-up and failure of Strichartz estimates for the Schrödinger equation with slowly decaying initial data (Q2194414)

The author studies the initial value problem for the Schrödinger equation \[ i \partial_t\psi+\Delta\psi=0\quad\textrm{in}\ \mathbb{R}^n,\qquad\psi(0)=\phi, \] where \(\phi\) is a radial initial datum with slow decay at infinity. We refer to this problem by (IVP). In Theorem 1, the author shows that, when \(r>2\), there is no Strichartz estimate \[ \|e^{i t\Delta}\phi\|_{L^p_t(\mathbb{R};L^q(\mathbb{R}^n))}\lesssim\|\phi\|_{L^r(\mathbb{R}^n}, \] where \(n\in\mathbb{N}\), and \(p\), \(q\in[1,\infty]\). Therefore, it is natural to ask whether well-posedness results for the Schrödinger equation can be achieved when \(\phi\) lies in \(L^r(\mathbb{R}^n)\) only for \(r>2\). The author addresses this question in the case when the initial datum \(\phi\) is radial and has not too wild oscillations. To make this precise, consider the function spaces \(X\) and \(Y_m\), with \(m\in\{0,\ldots,n\}\), defined as follows. The spaces \(X\) is the completion of \(C_c^\infty(\mathbb{R}_{\geq 0};\mathbb{C})\) with respect to the norm \(\|\cdot\|_{X}:=\|\cdot\|_{X_1}+\|\cdot\|_{X_2}\) defined by \begin{align*} & \|f\|_{X_1}:=\sup_{z> 0} z^{\frac{1-n}{2}} \int_0^z \left(|f(r)| r^{n-2} + |f'(r)| r^{n-1} \right) \\ & \|f\|_{X_2} := \int_0^\infty \left|\frac{d}{dr}\left( f(r)r^{\frac{n-1}{2}}\right)\right| \\ & dr +\sup_{z> 0} \left( z\int_z^\infty |f(r)|r^{\frac{n-5}{2}} \,dr \right). \end{align*} The space \(Y_m\) is the completion of \(C_c^\infty(\mathbb{R}_{\geq 0};\mathbb{C})\) with respect to the norm \[ \|f\|_{Y_m} := \sum_{k=0}^m \int_0^\infty |f^{(k)}(r)| r^{n-m+k-1} \text{if }m\in\{0,\ldots,n-1\},\] \[ \|f\|_{Y_n} := \sum_{k=1}^n \int_0^\infty |f^{(k)}(r)| r^{k-1}\,dr + \sup_{z> 0} z^{-2}\int_0^z f(r)r\,dr + |f(0)|. \] Considered an initial datum of the form \(\phi(x)=\phi_\omega(|x|)\mathrm{e}^{i\omega|x|}\) for some \(\omega\in\mathbb{R}\). In Theorem 2, the author proves that, if \(\phi_\omega\in Y_m\), then (IVP) has a unique global solution \(\psi\) satisfying \[ |\psi(x,t)|\leq C(\sqrt t)^{m-n}\|\phi_\omega\|_{Y_m}. \] Moreover, when \(\phi_\omega\in X\), then (IVP) has a unique global solution \(\psi\) satisfying \[ |\psi(x,t)|\leq C|x|^{(1-n)/2}\|\phi_\omega\|_{X}. \] Here, a global solution means a distributional solution of the Schrödinger equation away from \(t=0\), that is, on \(\mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\}\times\mathbb{R}^n\). Finally, from the previous inequalities the author deduces the following consequences. Let \(n\in\mathbb{N}\), with \(n\geq 2\). Suppose \(\phi(x)= \int_\mathbb{R} \phi_\omega(|x|)e^{i\omega |x|}\,d\mu(\omega)\) for some Borel measure \(\mu\) on \(\mathbb{R}\). Then, in Corollary 3, it is proved that (IVP) has a unique global solution satisfying \[ |\psi(x,t)| \leq C(1+|x|)^{\frac{1-n}{2}} \int_\mathbb{R} \big(\|\phi_\omega\|_X+\|\phi_\omega\|_{Y_n}\big)\,d\mu(\omega), \] provided the right hand side is finite. Let \(n\in\mathbb{N}\), with \(n\geq 2\), and \(m\in\{0,\ldots,n\}\). Suppose \(\phi(x)= \int_\mathbb{R} \phi_\omega(|x|)e^{i\omega|x|}\,d\mu(\omega)\) for some Borel measure \(\mu\) on \(\mathbb{R}\). Then, in Corollary 4, it is proved that (IVP) has a unique global solution satisfying \[ |\psi(x,t)| \leq C(1+t)^{-\frac{m}{2}} \int_\mathbb{R} \big(\|\phi_\omega\|_{Y_{n-m}}+\|\phi_\omega\|_{Y_n}\big)\,d\mu(\omega), \] provided the right hand side is finite.