Global hypoelliptic vector fields in ultradifferentiable classes and normal forms (Q2195190)

The problem of the global hypoellipticy on the torus attracted attention in the last years. The first contribution for the 2-torus [\textit{S. J. Greenfield} and \textit{N. R. Wallach}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 31, 112--114 (1972; Zbl 0229.35023)], where the authors proved the global hypoellipticity of the vector fields with a leading irrational non-Liouville constant coefficient. The result was later generalized to higher-order operators, see, for example, [\textit{T. Gramchev} et al., Rend. Semin. Mat., Torino 51, No. 2, 145--172 (1993; Zbl 0824.35027)]. The main reference for the present new contribution is [\textit{W. Chen} and \textit{M. Y. Chi}, Commun. Partial Differ. Equations 25, No. 1--2, 337--354 (2000; Zbl 0945.35007)], where the authors proved that a vector field with real variable coefficients on the \(n\)-dimensional torus is hypoelliptic if and only if it can be reduced by a diffeomorphism to the case of the constant cofficients satisfying a Diophantine condition, generalization of the non-Liouville assumption. In the present paper, the same result is proved to be valid in the frame of the Gevrey regularity and, more generally, in the setting of the ultradifferentiable classes of [\textit{R. W. Braun} et al., Result. Math. 17, No. 3--4, 206--237 (1990; Zbl 0735.46022)], under suitable Diophantine conditions. The arguments involve a precise analysis of diffeomorphisms of ultradifferentiable classes and a new Paley-Wiener-type theorem for ultradifferentiable function spaces.