Norm inequalities for sector block matrices (Q2197281)

Let \({\mathcal M}_{n}\) be the algebra of all \(n\times n\) complex matrices. For \( Z\in {\mathcal M}_{n}\), the conjugate transpose of \( Z \) is denoted by \( Z^{*} \). A complex matrix \( Z\in {\mathcal M}_{2n} \) can be partitioned as a \( 2 \times 2 \) block matrix \[Z= \begin{pmatrix} Z_{11} &Z_{12} \cr Z_{21} & Z_{22} \end{pmatrix}, \] where \( Z_{ij}\in {\mathcal M}_{n}\,\,(i,j=1,2). \) For \( Z\in {\mathcal M}_{n} \), let \( Z =\mathrm{Re}(Z)+ i\mathrm{Im}(Z) \) be the Cartesian decomposition of \(Z\), where the Hermitian matrices \(\mathrm{Re}(Z)=\frac{Z+Z^{*}}{2} \) and \( \mathrm{Im}(Z)=\frac{Z-Z^{*}}{2i} \) are called the real and imaginary parts of \(Z\), respectively. For \( \alpha \in [0,\frac{\pi}{2} ) \), a sector \( S_{\alpha} \) is defined in the complex plane by \begin{align*} S_{\alpha} =\left\lbrace z \in C \ : \mathrm{Re}(z) \geq 0, \ \vert\mathrm{Im}(z)\vert \leq \tan(\alpha) \mathrm{Re}(z) \right\rbrace . \end{align*} For \( Z\in {\mathcal M}_{n} \), the numerical range of \( Z \) is defined by \begin{align*} W(Z)=\lbrace z^{*}Zz : z\in C ,\, \Vert z\Vert =1\rbrace . \end{align*} A matrix whose numerical range is contained in a sector region \( S_{\alpha} \) for some \( \alpha \in [0,\frac{\pi}{2} ) \) is called a sector matrix. The authors prove some upper bounds for \(\| f(|A|)\|\), where \[A= \begin{pmatrix} A_{11} &A_{12} \cr A_{21} & A_{22} \end{pmatrix}\] is a sector block matrix and \(\|\,.\,\|\) is the unitarily invariant norm.