Approximate \(n\)-idempotents and generalized Aluthge transform (Q2198312)

A bounded operator \(T\) on a Hilbert space is called \((p,\varepsilon)\)-approximate \(n\)-idempotent (\(p\in\mathbb{R}\), \(\varepsilon>0\), \(n\in\mathbb{N}\)) if \[ \|T^nx-Tx\|\leq\varepsilon\|x\|^p,\qquad x\in\mathcal{H}. \] It is shown that for \(p\neq 1\) each \((p,\varepsilon)\)-approximate \(n\)-idempotent is in fact an \(n\)-idempotent, while this is not true for \(p=1\). Then it is proved that, under suitable conditions, a self-adjoint operator \(T\in\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})\) which is \((1,\varepsilon)\)-approximately \(n\)-idempotent can be approximated by an exact self-adjoint \(n\)-idempotent operator \(S\), meaning that \(\|T-S\|\leq K\varepsilon\) for some positive constant \(K\). A few consequences of this result are given. For \(T\in\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})\) (with its polar decomposition \(T=U|T|\)) and \(\lambda\in[0,1]\), \(\widetilde{T}_{\lambda}:=|T|^{\lambda}U|T|^{1-\lambda}\) defines a generalized Aluthge transformation (originally with \(\lambda=1/2\)). For this transformation the operator equation \[ \widetilde{T}_{\lambda}=T \] is considered and its stability is considered, showing actually the lack of it.