\(\ell\)-torsion in class groups of certain families of \(D_4\)-quartic fields (Q2199670)

For an algebraic number field \(K\) and \(1\le \ell\in \mathbb Z\) denote by \(Cl_K[\ell]\) the number of ideal classes \(I\) in \(K\) with \(I^\ell=\mathrm{Id}\). It has been conjectured by \textit{A. Brumer} and \textit{J. H. Silverman} [Manuscr. Math. 91, No. 1, 95--102 (1996; Zbl 0868.11029)] that one has \[\#Cl_K[\ell]\ll_{\ell,d}\frac{\log(D_K)}{\log\log(D_K)},\] where \(d\) is the degree of \(K\) and \(D_K\) is the absolute value of its discriminant. For quadratic fields this follows from Gauss's theorem on the genera. It has been shown by \textit{J. S. Ellenberg} and \textit{A. Venkatesh} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2007, No. 1, Article ID rnm002, 18 p. (2007; Zbl 1130.11060)] that \(GRH\) implies \[ \#Cl_K[\ell]\ll_{\ell,d,\varepsilon} D_K^{1/2-1/2\ell(d-1)+\varepsilon},\tag{1} \] and later \textit{J. Ellenberg} et al. [Algebra Number Theory 11, No. 8, 1739--1778 (2017; Zbl 1398.11136)] proved that (1) holds for almost all fields of degree \(2\le d\le 5\) and \(\ell \ge \ell(d)\), where \(\ell(2)=\ell(3)=1\), \(\ell(4)=8\), \(\ell\ge25\), provided in the case \(d=4\) one excludes fields whose Galois closure has a dihedral Galois group. Now the authors consider the case of quartic fields with dihedral Galois closure and establish the following result (Theorems 1.1, 1.2): Let \(k=\mathbb Q(\sqrt a,\sqrt b)\) with \(a\ne b\) being square-free integers and let \(\mathcal F_4(k)\) be the family of all quartic fields whose Galois closure is dihedral and contains the field \(k\). If \(\mathcal F_4(k)\) is non-empty, then for all \(\ell\ge2\), \(\epsilon>0\) and almost all fields \(K\in\mathcal F_4(k)\) one has \[\#Cl_K[\ell]\ll_{\ell,\varepsilon} D_K^{1/2-1/5\ell+\varepsilon}.\]