On Tate's conjecture for the elliptic modular surface of level \(N\) over a prime field of characteristic \(1\mod N\) (Q2199679)

The author shows that Tate's conjecture holds for elliptic modular surfaces under the partial semi-simplicity conjecture. The principal result obtained here is as follows. Let \(E(N)\) be the modular elliptic surface over the modular curve \(X(N)\) associated with the principal congruence group of level \(N\) with \(N\ge3\). Let \(p\) be a prime number congruent \(1\) modulo \(N\) and assume the partial semi-simplicity conjecture. Then Tate's conjecture holds for the reduction \(E(N)_{\mathbb F_p}\) of \(E(N)\) modulo \(p\) and the Mordell-Weil group of a generic fibre of \(E(N)_{\mathbb F_p}\rightarrow X(N)_{\mathbb F_p}\) is isomorphic to \((\mathbb Z/N\mathbb Z)^2\). This extends a result of \textit{T. Shioda} [in: Manifolds, Proc. int. Conf. Manifolds relat. Top. Topol., Tokyo 1973, 357--364 (1975; Zbl 0311.14007)] to \(N>4\). Let \(Br(E(N)_\mathbb Q)=H^2_{\text{ét}}(E(N)_\mathbb Q,\mathbb G_m)\) and \(V=V_pBr(E(N)_\mathbb Q)=\text{Hom}(\mathbb Q_p/\mathbb Z_p,Br(E(N)_\mathbb Q)\otimes \mathbb Q\). Let \(D=D_{\text{cris}}(V)\) be the filtered \(\varphi\)-module associated with \(V\), where \(\varphi\) is the Frobenius. It is sufficient to show \(D^{\varphi=1}=0\) to prove that Tate's conjecture holds for \(E(N)_{\mathbb F_p}\). For details, see section 2.2 in this article. The proof of that \(D^{\varphi=1}=0\) uses the theory of Hecke operator, the Eichler-Shimura congruence relation between the \(p\)th Hecke operator and Frobenius endomorphism. The condition that \(p\equiv 1 \mod N\) implies that the automorphism \(I_p\) of \(X(N)\) given by multiplying the level structure by \(p\) is trivial. The desired result is deduced from the triviality of \(I_p\) and the fact that \(V\) is a Hodge-Tate representation with weight \(\pm 1\). Further, by using a result of Serre on the \(\ell\)-adic representation of newforms, the author shows that the partial semi-simplicity conjecture holds for the reduction of \(E(N)_L\) at a set of places of density \(1\) for every number field \(L\).