On the solution of a linear Noetherian boundary-value problem for a differential-algebraic system with concentrated delay by the method of least squares (Q2202644)

In this short paper, the author explains how to determine the best solution (to the least squares sense) of a differential-algebraic and linear boundary-value problem with concentrated delay, reading \[A(t)z'(t) = B(t)z(t)+C(t)z(t-\Delta)+f(t), \,\, \Delta\leq t\leq T\] with boundary condition \[lz(.) = \alpha\in \mathbb{R}^k.\] The solution \(t \mapsto z(t)\) being continuous on its definition interval \([\Delta, T]\) and possibly not differentiable at a finite number of points \(j\Delta,\; j=1,2,\dots,q\). The main part of the paper is the development of the least square condition when constructing an approximation of the solution using continuously differentiable functions on intervals \([(j+1)\Delta, (j+2)\Delta]\), which yields an existence theorem upon an orthogonality condition. This result is a generalization of [J. Math. Sci., New York 242, No. 3, 381--392 (2019; Zbl 1448.34034); translation from Ukr. Mat. Visn. 15, No. 4, 475--489 (2018)] by the same author, about differential-algebraic Noetherian problems with lumped delay. The second part is a full mathematical example.