Impacts of quality and transportation on environmental costs in multi-stage multi-product green supply chain (Q2204249)

Summary: An increase in environmental pollution and costs of carbon dioxide (\(\mathrm{CO_{2}}\)) emission and subsequent increase in the supply chain's general costs all have contributed to rising attention toward these issues. Transportation and the quality of the raw materials purchased are among the most important factors affecting the environmental pollution of production chains. This paper introduces a bi-objective multi-stage multi-product mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model of green supply chain which considers the effect of different vehicles and quality of raw materials on the chain's total costs and carbon dioxide emission. Finally a numerical example explained and solved through \({\epsilon}\)-constraint approach.