On degenerate sections of vector bundles (Q2205609)

Let \(X\) be an irreducible projective scheme over an algebraically closed field \(K\) of arbitrary characteristic and \(V\) a globally generated vector bundle on \(X\). In the paper under review, the author studies a closed locus \(D(V(N)) \subset H^0(X,V(N))\) consisting of sections that vanish in codimension less than \(\mathrm{rank}(V)\) by making good use of the incidence correspondences, where \(V(N):=V \otimes \mathcal{O}_X(N)\) is a twist of \(V\) by the \(n^\mathrm{th}\) tensor power \(\mathcal{O}_X(1)^{\otimes n}\) of \(\mathcal{O}_X(1)\). The method Moreover, the author gives an interpretation of Theorem 3.2 below using the Grothendieck ring of varieties. Let us prepare the some symbols used in the paper. \begin{itemize} \item $\mathrm{Hilb}_X$: the Hilbert scheme of subschemes of $X$ \item $\widetilde{\mathrm{Hilb}}_X \subset \mathrm{Hilb}_X$: the locus parameterizing geometrically irreducible subschemes \item $\mathrm{Hilb}^c_X$, $\widetilde{\mathrm{Hilb}}^c_X$: the restriction to the connected components parameterizing subschemes of dimension $c$, respectively \item $\widetilde{\mathrm{Hilb}}^c_X(V, P(t)) \subset \widetilde{\mathrm{Hilb}}^c_X$: the connected components of $\widetilde{\mathrm{Hilb}}^c_X$ parameterizing subschemes $Z$ where the Euler characteristic $\chi(Z, V|_Z(t))=P(t)$ for a given polynomial $P(t) \in \mathbb{Q}[t]$ \item $D(V,a) \subset H^0(V)$: the closed locus of sections $s \in H^0(V)$ such that $\{s=0\}$ has codimension at most $\mathrm{rank}(V)-a$ in $X$ \item $\widetilde{D}(V, a, P(t))$: the subset consisting of pairs \[ (s, [Z]) \, \in \, H^0(V)\times \widetilde{\mathrm{Hilb}}^{\dim(X)-\mathrm{rank}(V)+a}_X(V, P(t)), \] where $s$ vanishes on $Z$ \item $D(V, a, P(t))$: the constructible subset $\pi_1(\widetilde{D}(V, a, P(t)))$ of $H^0(V)$ for a given polynomial $P(t) \in \mathbb{Q}[t]$, where $\pi_1: \widetilde{D}(V, a, P(t)) \rightarrow D(V,a)$ $((s, [Z])\mapsto s)$ is the first projection \end{itemize} Given two polynomials \(P(t), Q(t) \in \mathbb{Q}[t]\), it is said that \(P(t)\) \textit{dominates} \(Q(t)\) if \(\lim_{t\rightarrow \infty} (P(t)-Q(t))=\infty\) and that \(P(t)\) is \textit{equivalent} to \(Q(t)\), denoted by \(P(t) \sim Q(t)\), if neither \(P(t)\) nor \(Q(t)\) dominates the other. It follows from Chow's finiteness theorem [\textit{J. Kollár}, Rational curves on algebraic varieties. Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1995; Zbl 0877.14012), Exercise I.3.28 and Theorem I.6.3] that there exist a sequence \(P_{c,1}, P_{c,2}, \dots \in \mathbb{Q}[t]\) such that \(\widetilde{\mathrm{Hilb}}^c_X(V, P_{c,i}(t))\) is nonempty for each \(i\), \(P_{c, i+1}\) dominates \(P_{c,i}\) for each \(i\), and for every \(P\) for which \(\widetilde{\mathrm{Hilb}}^c_X(V, P(t))\) is nonempty, \(P(t) \sim P_{c,i}(t)\) for some \(i\). The main results are as follows: Theorem 3.1. For each \(m \geq 0\) and \(a > 0\), there exists \(N_0\) such that for \(N \geq N_0\), the closure of a component of maximal dimension of \[ D(V(N), a)\, \, \backslash \, \, \bigcup_{i=1}^m \, \bigcup_{P(t) \sim P_{c,i}(t)} D(V(N), a, P(t)) \] is a component of the closure \(\overline{D(V(N), a, P(t))}\) in an affine space \(H^0(V(N))\) for some \(P(t)\sim P_{c, m+1}(t)\), where \(c:=\dim(X)-\mathrm{rank}(V)+a\) and a sequence \(P_{c,1}, P_{c,2}, \dots \) is a fixed choice of polynomials in \(\mathbb{Q}[t]\) with the properties above. Theorem 3.2. For each \(m \geq 0\) and \(a > 0\), there exists \(N_0\), such that for \(N \geq N_0\), we have an open subset \(U_N\) of \[ D(V(N), a)\, \, \backslash \, \, \bigcup_{i=1}^m \, \bigcup_{P(t) \sim P_{c,i}(t)} D(V(N), a, P(t)) \tag{\(*\)} \] that is also an open subset of the vector bundle \[ \mathcal{V} = \Biggl( \, \bigcup_{P(t) \sim P_{c,m+1}(t)} \, \widetilde{D}(V(N), a, P(t)) \Biggr)^\mathrm{red} \, \longrightarrow \, \Biggl( \, \bigcup_{P(t) \sim P_{c,m+1}(t)} \widetilde{\mathrm{Hilb}}_X^c(V, P(t))\Biggr)^\mathrm{red}, \] which is of rank \(P_V(N) - P(N)\) on each component \(\widetilde{\mathrm{Hilb}}_X^c(V, P(t))\), where \(c:=\dim(X)-\mathrm{rank}(V)+a\). Furthermore, the codimension of the component of \(U_N\) in \((*)\) and in \(\mathcal{V}\) trends to \(\infty\) as \(N\rightarrow \infty\).