Polynomial realizations of finite-dimensional Lie algebras (Q2206351)

Let \(K\) e a field of characteristic zero and \(P(K^n)\) the Lie algebra of all vector fields with polynomials coefficients on \(K^n\). Finite dimensional subalgebras of \(P(K^n)\) are of great interest because they are closely connected with Lie groups of symmetries of differential equations. Every embedding of a Lie algebra \(g\) over \(K\) into \(P(K^n)\) is called a realization of \(g\). Of course, by Ado's theorem every finite dimensional Lie algebra has a realization because \(P(K^n)\) contains the subalgebra of all linear vector fields which is isomorphic to \(gl_n(K)\). But the author studies more interesting realizations, namely transitive: a realization is called transitive if its image \(\overline g\) in \(P(K^n)\) is a transitive subalgebra, i.e vectors of \(\overline g\) form a basis at the point \(0\in K^n\). The main result of the paper: every finite dimensional Lie algebra over \(K\) has a transitive realization if either \(K\) is algebraically closed or \(g\) is solvable, or \(K=\mathbb R\). The existence of a transitive realization was proved by H. Gradl for semisimple complex algebras and by J. Draisma for decomposable semisimple Lie algebras over any field of characteristic zero. The proof of the main result uses the notion of Mal'tsev splitting introduced by the author in 1980, which is based on a paper of A. I. Mal'tsev appeared in 1950.