Critical exponent for the wave equation with a time-dependent scale invariant damping and a cubic convolution (Q2208461)

In this paper, the authors study the long time behavior for solutions to the Cauchy problem for the wave equation with a time-dependent critical damping and a cubic convolution \(\partial_t^2 v-\Delta v+\frac{\mu}{1+t}\partial_t v=(V*|v|^2)v\), with \(\mu=2 \), \(V=|x|^{-\gamma}\), \(\gamma\in \left(-\frac{1}{2},3\right)\) and \(x\in \mathbb{R}^3\). For small, nontrivial \(C^3_c\times C_c^2\) data of size \(\varepsilon\), it is shown that the lifespan (denoted by \(T_\varepsilon\)) for the problem satisfies \(T_\varepsilon=\infty\) for \(\gamma\in(0,3)\), \(T_\varepsilon\ge \exp(c \varepsilon^{-2})\) for \(\gamma=0\), and \(c \varepsilon^{2/\gamma}\le T_\varepsilon\le C\varepsilon^{-\delta+2/\gamma}\) for \(\gamma\in (-1/2,0)\) and \(\delta>0\). In particular, it shows the critical power for the problem to admit small data global existence is \(\gamma_c=0\), when \(\mu=2\). The reason for the specific damping constant \(\mu= 2\) lies on the fact that, in this case, a simple change of variable (the Liouville transform) \(v\to u=(1+t)v\) will transform the problem into wave equations without damping \(\partial_t^2 u-\Delta u=(1+t)^{-2}(V*|u|^2)u\).