The relative growth rate for the digits in Lüroth expansions (Q2208986)

In this note, the authors consider the Lüroth expansion of a real number, i.e., \[ x = \frac{1}{d_1} + \frac{1}{d_1(d_1 - 1) d_2} + \cdots + \frac{1}{d_1(d_1 - 1) d_2 (d_2 - 1) \cdots d_n} + \cdots, \] where the \(d_i \ge 2\) are integers. Letting \(P_n(x)/Q_n(x)\) denote the rational number obtained by truncating the above sum after \(n\) terms, we obtain the Lüroth convergents. The authors study the growth rate of \(d_{n+1}(x)\) relative to the quality of approximation of \(x\) by \(P_n(x)/Q_n(x)\). Concretely, they study the set \[ F(z) = \left\{ x \in (0,1] : \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{\log d_{n+1}(x)}{- \log \left\vert x - \frac{P_n(x)}{Q_n(x)}\right\vert} = z \right\} \] for \(z \ge 0\). It is shown that for \(z=0\), the set has full Lebesgue measure, for \(z \in [0,1]\) its Hausdorff dimension is \((1-z)/2\), and for \(z > 1\) the set is empty.