On popular sums and differences for sets with small multiplicative doubling (Q2210414)

The authors prove quantitative estimates for the additive energy of finite subsets \(A\) of the field of real numbers with small multiplicative doubling \(|AA|\leq M|A|\). For instance (Theorem 5) if \(A\subset\mathbb{R}\) is finite with (*) \(|AA|\leq M|A|\) then \(E^+(A):=|\{(a,b,c,d)\in A^4 : a+b=c+d\}|\lesssim M^{7/3}|A|^{22/9}\). Using combinatorial and operator theory techniques they also reprove results on the sum sets and difference sets of \(A\) subject the condition (*) on which proofs the last author participated [J. Théor. Nombres Bordx. 31, No. 3, 573--602 (2019; Zbl 1454.11025); Sb. Math. 208, No. 12, 1854--1868 (2017; Zbl 1430.11019)]. The paper concludes with some comments and results on the estimates for fractional-rational expressions for sets \(A\subset\mathbb{F}\) in terms of its sums and products.