Sharp Hardy-Leray inequality for curl-free fields with a remainder term (Q2210457)

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Sharp Hardy-Leray inequality for curl-free fields with a remainder term
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    Sharp Hardy-Leray inequality for curl-free fields with a remainder term (English)
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    6 November 2020
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    The Hardy-Leray inequality for a smooth vector field \(\mathbf{u}:\mathbb{R}^N \to \mathbb{R}^N\) is given by \[C_{N,\gamma} \int_{\mathbb{R}^N} \frac{|\mathbf{u}|^2}{|\mathbf{x}|^2}|\mathbf{x}|^{2\gamma}dx \le \int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|\nabla\mathbf{u}|^2|\mathbf{x}|^{2\gamma}dx ,\] where the constant \(C_{N,\gamma}=\left(\gamma + \frac{N}{2}-1 \right)^2\) is known to be sharp. For axisymmetric divergence-free fields, \textit{O. Costin} and \textit{V. Maz'ya} [Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 32, No. 4, 523--532 (2008; Zbl 1147.35122)] proved that the constant \(C_{N,\gamma}\) can be improved and replaced by a larger one (the axisymmetric assumption was removed by the first author). In the previous paper [``Sharp Hardy-Leray and Rellich-Leray inequalities for curl-free vector fields'', Math. Ann. 379, No. 1--2, 719--742 (2021; \url{doi:10.1007/s00208-019-01945-x})], the authors prove a similar result for the case of curl-free fields. In the paper under review, the authors propose another proof of the Hardy-Leray inequality for curl-free fields with the best constant. Moreover, the authors obtain an improved inequality with a remainder term. The unattainability of the best constant is a consequence of the new inequality. The sharp Rellich-Leray inequality \[R_{N,\gamma} \int_{\mathbb{R}^N} \frac{|\mathbf{u}|^2}{|\mathbf{x}|^4}|\mathbf{x}|^{2\gamma}dx \le \int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|\Delta\mathbf{u}|^2|\mathbf{x}|^{2\gamma}dx ,\] for curl-free vector fields with sharp constant and remainder term is also proved in this paper. The proof is based on a decomposition of curl-free fields into radial and spherical parts.
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    Hardy-Leray inequality
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    Rellich-Leray inequality
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    curl-free vector fields
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    remainder term
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    the best constant
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