Effective simultaneous rational approximation to pairs of real quadratic numbers (Q2211267)

The author extends the usual concept of effective irrationality measures to simultaneous approximation to pairs of real numbers by rational numbers with the same denominator. Let \(\xi,\zeta\) be real numbers such that \(1,\xi,\zeta\) are linearly independent over \(\mathbb Q\). \(\mu\) is a simultaneous effective irrationality measure for the pair \((\xi,\zeta)\), if there exists an effectively computable \(c(\xi,\zeta)\geq 0\) such that, for every integer triple \((p,q,r)\) with \(q\ge 1\), we have \[\max\left\{\left|\xi-\frac{p}{q}\right|,\left|\zeta-\frac{p}{q}\right|\right\}\geq \frac{c(\xi,\zeta)}{q^{\mu}}.\] Denote by \(\mu_{\mathrm{eff}}(\xi,\zeta)\) the infimum of the effective irrationality measures for the pair \((\xi,\zeta)\) and call it the effective irrationality exponent of the pair \((\xi,\zeta)\). The author proves the following statement: Let \(\xi,\zeta\) be real quadratic numbers in distinct quadratic fields. Let \(R_{\xi}\) and \(R_{\zeta}\) denote the regulators of the fields \(\mathbb Q(\xi)\) and \(\mathbb Q(\zeta)\), respectively. There exists an effectively computable real number \(c_1\geq 0\) such that \[\mu_{\mathrm{eff}}(\xi,\zeta)\le 2- (c_1R_{\xi}R_{\zeta})^{-1}.\] In particular, if \(a,b\) are positive integers, none of \(a,b,ab\) is a perfect square, then there exists an effectively computable real number \(c_2\geq 0\) such that \[\mu_{\mathrm{eff}}(\sqrt{a},\sqrt{b})\le 2- (c_2\sqrt{ab}(\log a)(\log b))^{-1}.\] The proof applies Baker type lower estimates for linear forms in the logarithms of algebraic numbers.