Higher order Dirichlet-type problems in 2D complex quaternionic analysis (Q2212409)

The author studies a higher-order Dirichlet boundary value problem for solutions of the two-dimensional Helmoltz equation in \(\mathbb R^2\). In Section 1, Introduction, the author poses the problem to be solved. In Section 2, Preliminaries, the author recalls the following: \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] The Dirac operator in \(\mathbb R^2\): \[\mathcal D = \frac{\partial }{\partial x } e_1 + \frac{\partial }{\partial y } e_2 ;\] \item[(2)] The Helmholtz operator in \(\mathbb R^2\): \(\Delta_{\mathbb R^2} + \lambda \mathcal I\), where \(\mathcal I\) denotes the identity operator and \(\lambda \in \mathbb C \setminus \{ 0 \}\); \item[(3)] The factorization \[ - (\mathcal D + \alpha \mathcal I) (\mathcal D - \alpha \mathcal I) = \Delta_{\mathbb R^2} + \lambda \mathcal I , \] where \(\alpha\) is a complex number such that \(\alpha^2 = \lambda\); \item[(4)] The perturbed Dirac operator: \(\mathcal D_\alpha := \mathcal D + \alpha \mathcal I\). \item[(5)] The set of \(\alpha\)-hyperholomorphic functions on \(\Omega \subset \mathbb R^2\), i.e., the set of functions defined on \(\Omega\) such that \(\mathcal D_\alpha f =0\). \item[(6)] The fundamental solution \(\Theta_\alpha^{(M)} (z)\), of the operator \((\Delta_{\mathbb R^2} + \alpha^2)^M\) in \(\mathbb R^2\), where \(M \in \mathbb N\) and the Cauchy Kernel \(\mathcal K_\alpha (z) := - \mathcal D_{- \alpha} \left[ \Theta_\alpha^{(1)} (z) \right]\); \end{itemize} In Section 3.1, the author reminds us the definitions and main properties of the Teodorescu integral operator, the Cauchy integral operator and the singular integral operator. In Section 3.2 the author examines an orthogonal decomposition of the Sobolev space \(\mathbf W^k_2 (\Omega , \mathbb H (\mathbb C))\), \(k \in \mathbb N \cup \{ 0 \}\) with respect to the high-order Dirac operator \(\mathcal D_\alpha^k\). Using the formula \[ \mathcal D \Theta_\alpha^{ (M)} (z) = \frac{1}{ 2 (M-1) } \Theta_\alpha^{ (M - 1)} (z) , \quad M \in \mathbb N, \; \; M \not= 1, \; \; \forall z \in \mathbb R^2 \setminus \{ 0 \} , \] a formula for \(\mathcal D_\alpha \Theta_\alpha^{(M)}\) is obtained. Hence two orthogonal decompositions of the Sobolev space \(\mathbf W^k_2 (\Omega , \mathbb H (\mathbb C))\) are given in Theorem 3.8. In Theorem 3.11, it is proved that given \(f \in \mathbf W_2^k (\Omega, \mathbb H (\mathbb C))\), \(g_0 \in \mathbf W_2^{k + \frac{7}{2}} (\Gamma, \mathbb H (\mathbb C))\), and \(g_1 \in \mathbf W_2^{k + \frac{3}{2} } (\Gamma, \mathbb H (\mathbb C))\), \(k \geq 0\), then the following boundary value problem has a unique solution \(h \in \mathbf W_2^{k +4} (\Omega, \mathbb H (\mathbb C))\): \[ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} (- \Delta_{\mathbb R^2} + 2 \alpha \mathcal D + \alpha^2)^2 h = f \quad \text{in } \Omega , \\ h= g_0 \quad \text{on } \Gamma , \\ (- \Delta_{\mathbb R^2} + 2 \alpha \mathcal D + \alpha^2) h = g_1 \quad \text{on } \Gamma. \end{array} \right. \] At the end of the paper, in Theorem 3.13, it is proved that, given \(f \in \mathbf W_2^k (\Omega, \mathbb H (\mathbb C))\) and \(g_p \in \mathbf W_2^{k + 2M \frac{4p +1 }{2}} (\Gamma, \mathbb H (\mathbb C))\), then the following boundary value problem of higher order has a unique solution \(h \in \mathbf W_2^{k +2M} (\Omega, \mathbb H (\mathbb C))\): \[ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} (- \Delta_{\mathbb R^2} + \lambda)^M h = f \quad \text{in } \Omega , \\ h= g_0 \quad \text{on } \Gamma , \\ (- \Delta_{\mathbb R^2} + \lambda) h = g_1 \quad \text{on } \Gamma , \\ \vdots \\ (- \Delta_{\mathbb R^2} + \lambda)^{M-1} h = g_{M - 1} \quad \text{on } \Gamma . \end{array} \right. \]