On the growth speed of digits in Engel expansions (Q2212638)

The present paper deals with certain sets whose elements are defined by Engel expansions of real numbers. Let \(\phi: \mathbb N \to \mathbb R^{+}\) be a non-decreasing function such that the condition \(\frac{\phi(n)}{\log n}\to \infty\) as \(n \to \infty\) holds. Let \(d_n(x)\) be a digit of the Engel expansion of \(x\in (0,1]\). In this paper, the main attention is given to the Hausdorff dimension of the set \[ E_{\phi}=\left\{x\in (0,1]: \lim_{n\to \infty}{\frac{\log {d_n(x)}}{\phi(n)}}=1 \right\}. \] Also, some fractal properties of the set \[ \mathbb E(\{t_n\})=\{x\in (0,1]: nt_n < d_n(x)\le (n+1)t_n,~~~\text{ for all } n\ge 1\}, \] are investigated. Here \(\{t_n\}_{n\ge 1}\) is a non-decreasing sequence of real numbers with \(r_1\ge 2\) and \(t \to \infty\) as \(n \to \infty\). In addition, in the Engel expansion, the gaps and ratios of consecutive digits are considered. The special attention is also given to a description of the development of certain investigations of Engel expansions. Investigations of the growth speed of \(d_n\) from a multifractal point of view, are briefly described. Auxiliary definitions and basic properties of Engel series are recalled.