Small eigenvalues and thick-thin decomposition in negative curvature (Q2213341)

Let \(M^n=(M^n,g)\) be an \(n\)-dimensional finite oriented complete Riemannian manifold such that its sectional curvature belongs to \([-b^2,-1]\) for some \(b\ge 1\), let \(M^n_{\text{thick}}\) be a subset of \(M^n\) such that the injectivity radius of each point is at least equal to \(\varepsilon=b^{-1}c(n)\) where \(c(n)\) is a positive constant relying on \(n\), \(\varepsilon\) takes de name of Margulis constant, the complement of \(M^n_{\text{thick}}\) is denoted by \(M^n_{thin}\). Then, the author states that \(\displaystyle\lambda_k(M^n)\ge \min\left(\frac{1}{3}\lambda_k(M^n_{\text{thick}}),\frac{(n-2)^2}{12}\right)\) such that \(\lambda_k(M^n)\) (resp. \(\lambda(M^n_{\text{thick}})\)) is the \(k\)-th eigenvalue of the Laplacian operator on \(M^n\) (resp. \(M^n_{\text{thick}}\)) (Theorem 1.1). Concerning the case of \(M^3\), a three-dimensional hyperbolic manifold, the author states that there is a positive constant \(c\) such that \(\lambda_k(M^3)\le c\log(\text{vol}(M^3_{thin})+3)\lambda(M^3_{\text{thick}})\) and \(\displaystyle\lambda(M^3_{\text{thick}})<\frac{1}{96}\) (Theorem 2.1) and the proof is based on extending an eigenfunction on \(\widehat{M^3}_{\text{thick}}\) to a function on \(M^3\) (Proposition 3.3), where \(\widehat{M^3}_{\text{thick}}\) stands for the tubular neighborhood of radius 96 of \(M^3_{\text{thick}}\).