Quasi-local energy with respect to de Sitter/anti-de Sitter reference (Q2214594)

The authors discuss the basic idea of the geometry of surfaces in the reference spacetime. The first and second variations of the quasi-local energy are determined. Also, they prove that a surface in the static slice of the reference spacetime is a local minimum of its own quasi-local energy. Finally, the quasi-local conserved quantities under the Einstein equation with a cosmological constant are defined.