Lower bounds for the local cyclicity of centers using high order developments and parallelization (Q2214694)

One of main problems in qualitative theory of dynamical systems is the second part of Hilbert's 16th problem which asks for the maximum number of limit cycles of planar polynomial vector fields of degree \(n\). This problem has been studied by various researchers and is still open. In order to simplify this problem some weakened versions have been proposed. In this paper the authors are interested in a particular version that consist in providing the maximum number \(M(n)\) of small amplitude limit cycles bifurcating from an elementary equilibrium point of focus type. In general there are some classes for which the local number \(M(n)\) is completely determined. In [\textit{N. N. Bautin}, Am. Math. Soc., Transl. 100, 19 p. (1954; Zbl 0059.08201); translation from Mat. Sbornik, n. Ser. 30(72), 181--196 (1952); translation from Mat. Sbornik, n. Ser. 30(72), 181--196 (1952)] was proved that \(M(2)=3\). In [\textit{H. Żołądek}, Nonlinearity 8, No. 5, 843--860 (1995; Zbl 0837.34042)] was proved that \(M(3)\geq 11\). And for degrees \(n=5,7,8,9\) it was obtained in [\textit{H. Liang} and \textit{J. Torregrosa}, J. Differ. Equations 259, No. 11, 6494--6509 (2015; Zbl 1334.34070)] that the lower bound for \(M(n)\) is 28, 54, 70 and 88 limit cycles, respectively. This last result is improved in this paper, specifically the authors show that the lower bounds found in [\textit{H. Liang} and \textit{J. Torregrosa}, J. Differ. Equations 259, No. 11, 6494--6509 (2015; Zbl 1334.34070)] are higher. More precisely, the authors prove that the number of limit cycles bifurcating from a singular monodromic point for vector fields of degree 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9 is at least \(M(4)\geq20, M(5)\geq 33, M(7)\geq 61, M(8)\geq 76\) and \(M(9)\geq 88\). The main tool that the authors use to prove this result is the parallelization technique which was developed as a generalization to the parallelizations technique introduced by [\textit{H. Liang} and \textit{J. Torregrosa}, J. Differ. Equations 259, No. 11, 6494--6509 (2015; Zbl 1334.34070)] for studying higher order developments with respect to the parameters of the return map near the origin.