Curve counting on \(\mathcal{A}_n \times \mathbb{C}^2\) (Q2214892)

Gromov-Witten invariants are rational numbers which virtually count stable maps from complex curves to algebraic varieties. Because of multiple-cover contributions, they are in general not integers. On Calabi-Yau 3-folds, they are determined by Gopakumar-Vafa invariants via a formal expression (whose motivation lies in string theory), which are conjectured to be integers. On a smooth projective Calabi-Yau 4-fold, \textit{A. Klemm} and \textit{R. Pandharipande} [Commun. Math. Phys. 281, No. 3, 621--653 (2008; Zbl 1157.32022)] proposed similar conjectures parallel to the 3-fold theory, relating GW invariants to GV type invariants and conjectured their integrality. Despite initially arising from curve counting theories, \textit{Y. Cao} et al. [Adv. Math. 338, 41--92 (2018; Zbl 1408.14177)] gave a sheaf theoretic interpretation of GV type invariants for Calabi-Yau 4-folds, in terms of Donaldson-Thomas invariants of CY 4-folds, which have been introduced in the seminal work of \textit{D. Borisov} and \textit{D. Joyce} [Geom. Topol. 21, No. 6, 3231--3311 (2017; Zbl 1390.14008)]. More specifically, the moduli space of one-dimensional stable sheaves with fixed Chern character on a Calabi-Yau 4-fold carries a virtual fundamental class of positive dimension, and invariants are defined by integrating cohomology classes against it similarly to the 3-fold theory. Cao-Maulik-Toda conjectured a series of correspondences between GV/DT invariants; for genus 0, it can be formulated as \[\sum_{\beta>0}GW_{0,\beta}(X)(\gamma_1,\dots, \gamma_n)q^\beta=\sum_{\beta>0}n_{0,\beta}(X)(\gamma_1, \dots, \gamma_n)\sum_{d=1}^\infty d^{n-3}q^{d\beta}, \] where \(n_{0,\beta} \) denote the genus zero GV invariants in class \(\beta\). It is important to remark that, in the definition of DT4 invariants, a choice of orientation of the moduli space is required: the correspondence is conjectured to hold only for a suitable choice of orientation. Cao-Maulik-Toda checked their conjectures in many geometries, choosing a compatible orientation case by case. In this paper, the author considers the toric Calabi-Yau 4-fold \(\mathcal{A}_n\times \mathbb{C}^2\), where \(\pi:\mathcal{A}_n\to \mathbb{C}^2/\mathbb{Z}_{n+1}\) is the minimal resolution of \(A_n\)-singularity. As \(\mathcal{A}_n\times \mathbb{C}^2\) are non-compact, the author defines Donaldson-Thomas type invariants via torus localization. Cao-Maulik-Toda conjectures are checked by explictly computing Gromov-Witten and Donaldson-Thomas invariants by studying the zero-dimensional reduced torus fixed locus and the associated localized contribution to the invariants. To conclude, the authors repeats the same computation in terms of stable pairs invariants, which give a different sheaf-theoretic interpretation of GV invariants.