Realization of graph symmetries through spatial embeddings into the 3-sphere (Q2215640)

Approaches to the realization problem of abstract symmetries by symmetries of the \(3\)-sphere through spatial embeddings are known. For example, topologists have worked with certain families of graphs such as complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, or Möbius ladders, as can be seen in [\textit{E. Flapan} and \textit{E. D. Lawrence}, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 23, No. 14, Article ID 1450077, 13 p. (2014; Zbl 1320.57008); \textit{E. Flapan} et al., J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 73, No. 1, 237--251 (2006; Zbl 1091.57001)] and in [\textit{K. Hake} et al., Tokyo J. Math. 39, No. 1, 133--156 (2016; Zbl 1357.57012)]. Proving the existence of a spatial embedding requires creating an embedding of the vertex set of a given graph into \(S^3\) based upon singularities, then extending it by placing edges while they are setwise invariant under a finite subgroup action of self-diffeomorphisms of \(S^3\). However, these results are applicable to a certain family of graphs, and it would be difficult to deal with all possible graphs in this way due to their dependence on graph structures. The aim of this paper is to provide a technique which is applicable to any graph, and below is the main result of this article. Theorem. Let \(\Gamma\) be a finite simple graph and \(G\) a subgroup of \(Aut(\Gamma)\). Suppose there is an isomorphism \(\varphi\) from \(G\) to a subgroup of \(O(4)\), and that \(G\) has an \(S^3\)-type singularity with respect to \(\varphi\). Then, \(G\) is realizable by \(\varphi(G)\) through a spatial embedding of \(\Gamma\) into \(S^3\).