On the ranges of bilinear pseudo-differential operators of \(S_{0,0}\)-type on \(L^2 \times L^2\) (Q2215829)

The ranges of bilinear pseudo-differential operators \[ T_{\sigma}(f_1,f_2)(x)=\frac{1}{(2\pi)^{2n}} \int\limits_{(\mathbb R^n)^2}e^{ix\cdot(\xi_1+\xi_2)}\sigma(x,\xi_1,\xi_2)\widehat f_1(\xi_1)\widehat f_2(\xi_2)d\xi_1d\xi_2 \] are studied in Besov spaces \(B^s_{p,q}(\mathbb R^n)\). The authors consider two classes of symbols \(\sigma(x,\xi_1,\xi_2)\in C^{\infty}((\mathbb R^n)^3)\), they call them bilinear Hörmander classes. The first class \(BS^m_{0,0}, m\in\mathbb R,\) consists of symbols satisfying the condition \[ |\partial_x^{\alpha}\partial_{\xi_1}^{\beta_1}\partial_{\xi_2}^{\beta_2}\sigma(x,\xi_1,\xi_2)|\leq C_{\alpha,\beta_1,\beta_2}(1+|\xi_1|+|\xi_2|)^m, \] for all multi-indices \(\alpha,\beta_1,\beta_2\in\{0,1,2,...\}^n\). The second class of symbols is \(BS^{(m_1,m_2)}_{0,0}, m_1,m_2\in\mathbb R,\) satisfy the estimate \[ |\partial_x^{\alpha}\partial_{\xi_1}^{\beta_1}\partial_{\xi_2}^{\beta_2}\sigma(x,\xi_1,\xi_2)|\leq C_{\alpha,\beta_1,\beta_2}(1+|\xi_1|)^{m_1}(1+|\xi_2|)^{m_2}. \] The main goal is a boundedness of the operator \(T_{\sigma}: L^2(\mathbb R^n)\times L^2(\mathbb R^n)\rightarrow B^s_{p.q}(\mathbb R^n) \) for appropriate \(p,q,s\). The authors prove two basic results. Theorem 1.1. Let \(m_1,m_2<0\) and \(m_1+m_2=-n/2\). If \(1\leq p\leq 2\), then all bilinear pseudo-differential operators with symbols in \(BS^{(m_1,m_2)}_{0,0}\) are bounded operators \(T_{\sigma}: L^2(\mathbb R^n)\times L^2(\mathbb R^n)\rightarrow B^0_{p.1}(\mathbb R^n) \). Theorem 1.2. Let \(0<p,q\leq\infty\). Then all bilinear pseudo-differential operators with symbols in \(BS^{-n/2}_{0,0}\) are bounded operators \(T_{\sigma}: L^2(\mathbb R^n)\times L^2(\mathbb R^n)\rightarrow B^0_{p.1}(\mathbb R^n) \) if and only if \(1\leq p\leq 2\) and \(1\leq q\leq\infty\).