Factorization in Denjoy-Carleman classes associated to representations of \((\mathbb{R}^d, +)\) (Q2215833)

The authors introduce Denjoy-Carleman classes of ultradifferentiable vectors for two types of moderate growth representations of \((\mathbb{R}^d,+)\) on sequentially complete locally convex Hausdorff spaces and they prove a~strong factorization theorem of Dixmier-Malliavin type for these classes. This factorization theorem solves Conjecture 6.4 of \textit{H. Gimperlein} et al. [J. Funct. Anal. 262, No. 2, 667--681 (2012; Zbl 1234.22006)]. The main difference between the present approach and the previous works in this direction, which allows the authors to prove the strong instead of the weak factorization property, is to consider general Fourier multipliers rather than infinite order differential operators. As an application of their results, they show that various convolution algebras and modules of ultradifferentiable functions satisfy the strong factorization property. The problem of factorization of convolution algebras of smooth functions emerged from \textit{L. Ehrenpreis}' work in 1960 [Am. J. Math. 82, 522--588 (1960; Zbl 0098.08401)] on fundamental solutions of convolution operators. He asked whether \(\mathcal{D}(\mathbb{R}^d)\) has the strong factorization property. Rubel, Squires and B. A. Taylor in 1978 [\textit{L. A. Rubel} et al., Ann. Math. (2) 108, 553--567 (1978; Zbl 0402.32002)] showed that \(\mathcal{D}(\mathbb{R}^3)\) does not have the strong factorization property and they proved that \(\mathcal{D}(\mathbb{R}^d)\) always satisfies the weak factorization property. \textit{J. Dixmier} and \textit{P. Malliavin} [Bull. Sci. Math., II. Sér. 102, 305--330 (1978; Zbl 0392.43013)] gave a negative answer to Ehrenpreis' question for \(d = 2\). Finally, the problem was completely settled by \textit{R. S. Yulmukhametov} [Sb. Math. 190, No. 4, 597--629 (1999; Zbl 0940.30030); translation from Mat. Sb. 190, No. 4, 123--157 (1999)] showing that the space \(\mathcal{D}(\mathbb{R})\) satisfies the strong factorization property. \textit{K.-i. Miyazaki} [J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. A 24, 527--533 (1960; Zbl 0099.32302)], \textit{H. Petzeltova} and \textit{P. Vrbova} [Commentat. Math. Univ. Carol. 19, 489--499 (1978; Zbl 0382.46014)], and \textit{J. Voigt} [Stud. Math. 77, 333--348 (1984; Zbl 0491.46034)] independently proved that the Schwartz space of rapidly decreasing smooth functions has the strong factorization property.